Mammals yog tsiaj uas pub mis rau menyuam. Lawv yog cov koom haum tshaj plaws. Lub excretory, xeeb tub, digestive, ua pa thiab circulatory systems ntawm mammals yog qhov nyuaj tshaj nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm yam systematic units. Tab sis kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov qauv ntawm lub plab zom mov.
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev zom zaub mov
Khoom noj yog ib qho cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Cov txheej txheem no muaj nyob rau hauv kev noj cov tshuaj mus rau hauv lub cev, lawv transformation thiab tshem tawm ntawm unprocessed zaub mov residues. Hauv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, kev zom zaub mov tshwm sim - kev tawg ntawm cov organic complex (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) rau hauv cov khoom yooj yim uas tuaj yeem nqus tau rau hauv cov ntshav. Vim li cas biopolymers tawg rau hauv lawv qhov chaw? Qhov tseeb yog tias lawv cov molecules loj heev, thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem nkag los ntawm lub plab zom mov mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. digestive systemmammals yog tsis muaj kev zam. Nws muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv uas paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov chordates.
Cov qauv ntawm lub plab zom mov ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg
Cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev no muaj ob ntu: cov kwj dej thiab cov qog. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug, zaub mov yog digested, as-ham yog absorbed rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab nws unprocessed residues tawm mus. Cov kwj dej hauv lub cev muaj xws li cov ntu hauv qab no: qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, pharynx, txoj hlab pas, plab, hnyuv me thiab loj, xaus rau hauv qhov quav. Los ntawm nws, undigested residues raug tshem tawm. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub plab zom mov ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg yog qhov muaj cov qog. Cov no yog cov kabmob tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov enzymes - cov khoom siv roj ntsha uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais biopolymers.
Txoj kev zom zaub mov hauv qhov ncauj
Lub cev ntawm lub plab zom mov ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, lossis lub kwj dej, pib ntawm qhov ncauj. Lub puab tsaig thiab daim di ncauj tsim cov kab noj hniav preoral. Qhov no yog ob hom kev ua zaub mov noj. Kev siv tshuab yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab ntawm cov hniav sib txawv thiab tus nplaig, tshuaj lom neeg - enzymes ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug. Ntawm no lawv rhuav tshem tsuas yog ib hom organic teeb meem - complex carbohydrates polysaccharides rau yooj yim, monosaccharides.
Qhov txawv ntawm cov hniav nyob ntawm hom zaub mov thiab qhov nws tau txais. Carnivores muaj incisors tsim tshaj plaws, herbivores muaj flattened molars, thiab whales tsis muaj hniav txhua.
Nyob hauv plab
Cov zaub mov ntawm lub qhov ncauj los ntawm txoj hlab pas txav mus rau hauv plab - qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov kwj dej. Nws cov leeg nqaij pib cog lus, thiab cov zaub mov sib xyaw. Ntawm no nws yog raug rau tshuaj kho mob. Lub digestive thiab circulatory systems ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg yog sib cuam tshuam. Gastric kua txiv zom cov protein thiab lipids mus rau hauv monomers - cov khoom siv. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no lawv yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Nyob hauv plab
Lub plab zom mov ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg txuas ntxiv nrog cov hnyuv: nyias thiab tuab. Ib nrab digested zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub plab nyob rau hauv me me feem nkag mus rau nws thawj seem. Ntawm no qhov kawg kev puas tsuaj thiab nqus ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab lymph tshwm sim. Thawj ntu ntawm txoj hnyuv me yog hu ua duodenum. Cov ducts ntawm lub txiav thiab lub siab qhib rau hauv nws. Cov hnyuv loj yog ntu kawg ntawm lub plab zom mov. Ntawm no feem ntau ntawm cov dej yog absorbed thiab quav yog tsim, reflexively tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov quav.
qog nqaij hlav
Lub plab zom mov ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov qog. Cov no yog cov kabmob uas muaj cov enzymes nyob. Muaj peb khub ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug hauv qhov ncauj. Lawv secrete ib co xim tsis muaj mucous. Cov qaub ncaug muaj xws li dej, enzymes amylase thiab m altase, thiab mucus mucin. Txhua tus ntawm lawv ua nws txoj haujlwm. Dej ntub cov khoom noj, lysozymeneutralizes microorganisms thiab kho qhov txhab, amylase thiab m altase zom cov carbohydrates, mucin muaj cov nyhuv enveloping.
Cov kua txiv plab muaj hydrochloric acid, uas ncua cov txheej txheem putrefactive thiab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Cov tshuaj ntxiv yog cov enzymes pepsin thiab lipase, uas, feem, zom cov protein thiab lipids. Hydrochloric acid yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub plab mucosa. Nws tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov kev ua no los ntawm mucus (mucin).
Lub txiav ua kua dej zom zaub mov uas muaj cov enzymes trypsin, lipase thiab amylase. Thaum kawg lawv rhuav tshem tag nrho cov organic teeb meem.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub siab kuj zoo heev. Nws pheej ua kua tsib. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, nws emulsifies rog. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog kev tawg ntawm cov biopolymers mus rau hauv cov tee me me. Hauv daim ntawv no, lawv tau tawg sai sai thiab nqus los ntawm lub cev. Ua kom cov enzymes, nce plab hnyuv motility, nres cov txheej txheem putrefactive kuj ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab.
Dab tsi yog enzymes
Thiab tam sim no ntxiv txog qhov xwm txheej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes. Raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg catalysts, lawv ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub plab hnyuv mammalian yog qhov tseem ceeb tsuas yog qhov chaw rau enzymes ua.
Txoj kev noj haus ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg
Qhov tag nrho ntawm cov tshuaj hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm lub sijhawm lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev kom tshem tawm yog hu ua metabolism. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab tsuas yog muaj nyob ntawm txhua yam kab mob. Cov pab pawg sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj txhu tau yoog rau kev noj zaub mov txawv. Predators tua tsiaj tsis muaj zog. Ua li no, lawv muaj cov hniav tsim tau zoo, uas yog incisors thiab canines. Kuj tseem muaj ntau hom herbivorous thiab insectivorous. Ruminants tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam. Lawv digestive system yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj. Cov incisors tsis tuaj yeem tag nrho los ntawm saum toj no, lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov hniav hloov pauv, thiab cov canines tsis tau tsim. Cov qauv ntawm cov hniav no yog qhov tsim nyog rau zom nyom - zom cov pos hniav. Giraffes, nyuj thiab mos lwj yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj no. Lawv lub plab muaj plaub ntu. Lawv hu ua caws pliav, mesh, phau ntawv, abomasum. Hauv thawj ob, chewed zaub mov tawg mus rau hauv cov khoom thiab cov kua. Cov pos hniav yog regurgitated los ntawm lub plab rov qab mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab zom dua. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom noj uas twb tau ua tib zoo ua tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau ntu thib peb - phau ntawv, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd - mus rau hauv abomasum. Hauv seem kawg no, nws twb raug tso tawm ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab thaum kawg sib cais.
Cov tsiaj tsis muaj ruminant xws li boars qus, npua thiab hippopotamuses muaj ib qho yooj yim-chamber plab thiab cov txheej txheem digestive system.
Qee cov tsiaj nyeg siv lawv ko taw los tuav zaub mov. Yog li, tus ntxhw muab zaub mov tso rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj nrog kev pab ntawm nws lub cev. Thiab cov ntses noj qab haus huv muaj lub ntsej muag flattened thiab txhuam tus nplaig. Kuj tseem muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau kev khaws khoom noj. Ntau tus nas khaws cov nplej rau hauv lawv lub hnab sab plhu.
Lub plab zom mov ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg muaj cov qauv sib txawv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov zaub mov thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov tsiaj.
