Txhua cov nroj tsuag muaj cov kab mob vegetative thiab generative. Cov tom kawg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev yug me nyuam. Hauv angiosperms, nws yog paj. Nws yog kev hloov kho kev khiav tawm. Cov kab mob vegetative ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog cov hauv paus system thiab tua. Lub hauv paus system muaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, lateral thiab ntxiv. Qee zaum lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yuav tsis nthuav tawm. Xws li ib tug system hu ua fibrous. Cov tua muaj stems, nplooj thiab buds. Cov stems muab kev thauj khoom, thiab tseem txhawb txoj haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub buds yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tsim ntawm tshiab tua, raws li zoo raws li paj. Cov nplooj yog lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov nroj tsuag, vim nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau photosynthesis.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas
Yooj yim thiab cov nplooj sib xyaw muaj ntau hom ntaub so ntswg. Cia wb mus saib lawv.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm histological
Nyob rau saum yog cov ntaub so ntswg integumentary - epidermis. Qhov no yog txheej ib los yog ob lub hlwb tuab nrog cov plhaub ntom ntom nyob ze rau ib leeg. Cov ntaub so ntswg no tiv thaiv daim ntawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab tseem tiv thaiv cov dej ntau dhau ntawm lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub epidermis yog koom nrog hauv kev sib pauv roj. Rau qhov no, stomata muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Nyob rau saum cov epidermis kuj tseem muaj txheej tiv thaiv ntxiv, uasmuaj wax secreted los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg integumentary.
Nyob rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm epidermis yog columnar lossis assimilation parenchyma. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab ntaub ntawm nplooj. Cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis tshwm sim hauv nws. Parenchyma hlwb yog teem vertically. Lawv muaj ntau cov chloroplasts.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg assimilation yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nplooj, nrog rau spongy parenchyma. Cov ntaub so ntswg yog xylem thiab phloem. Thawj muaj cov hlab ntsha - cov hlwb tuag txuas nrog vertically rau ib leeg, tsis muaj kab rov tav partitions. Lub xylem nqa dej thiab yaj tshuaj mus rau hauv nplooj los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Phloem yog tsim los ntawm sieve tubes - elongated nyob hlwb. Ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg conductive, kev daws teeb meem yog thauj, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, los ntawm nplooj mus rau hauv paus.
Cov ntaub so ntswg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib pauv roj thiab dej evaporation.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem teev tseg yog qhov qis dua epidermis. Nws, zoo li sab saum toj, ua haujlwm tiv thaiv. Nws kuj muaj stomata.
qauv nplooj
Lub petiole tawm ntawm qia, uas cov nplooj nplooj txuas nrog - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nplooj. Cov veins nthuav tawm ntawm lub petioles mus rau nplooj nplooj. Tsis tas li ntawd, stipules muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov kev sib txuas nrog lub qia. Cov nplooj sib xyaw, piv txwv ntawm cov uas yuav tau tham hauv qab no, tau teeb tsa hauv txoj hauv kev uas muaj ob peb nplooj nplooj ntawm ib qho petiole.
Nplooj yog dab tsi
Nyob ntawm tus qauv, cov nplooj yooj yim thiab nyuaj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Tej yam yooj yim muaj ib lub phaj. Ib nplooj ntoos sib xyaw yog ib qho uas muajob peb daim hlau. Nws tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov qauv.
Nyob ntawm nplooj ntoo
Muaj ntau hom. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev faib lawv mus rau hauv hom tuaj yeem yog tus lej ntawm daim hlau, cov duab ntawm cov npoo ntawm daim hlau, nrog rau cov duab ntawm daim ntawv. Nws los ntawm tsib hom.
Daim duab - nws yog dab tsi
Ntau yam xws li:
- xub-puab;
- oval;
- ring-shaped;
- linear;
- lub siab zoo li;
- fan-puab (semicircular nplooj);
- pointy;
- needle;
- puab-puab (peb daim duab peb sab txuas rau qia rau saum);
- hmuv-puab (ntse nrog txhav);
- spatulate;
- bladed (daim ntawv muab faib ua ob peb daim);
- lanceolate (ntev, dav nplooj nyob nruab nrab);
- oblanceolate (sab saum toj ntawm daim ntawv dav dua hauv qab);
- rov qab lub plawv zoo li (nplooj hauv lub siab, txuas nrog lub qia nrog lub ntse kawg);
- pob zeb diamond-shaped;
- ncig.
Ib daim ntawv nyuaj tuaj yeem muaj daim phiaj ntawm ib qho ntawm cov duab teev.
Shape of phaj edges
Nov yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas qhia txog daim ntawv nyuaj.
Nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm cov npoo ntawm daim phiaj, muaj tsib hom nplooj:
- toothed;
- crenate;
- serrated;
- noj;
- kub-ntug.
Lwm hom nplooj ntawv
Nyob ntawm tus lej ntawm daim phiaj thiab lawvkev npaj, paub qhov txawv cov nram qab no cov nplooj complex:
- ntiv tes;
- pinnate;
- ob-pinned;
- 3 nplooj;
- perforated.
Nyob hauv cov nplooj nplooj ntoo, txhua daim phiaj sib txawv raws lub vojvoog ntawm lub petioles, zoo li cov ntiv tes ntawm tes hauv lawv qhov tsos.
Pirate nplooj muaj nplooj nplooj nyob raws li petioles. Lawv muab faib ua ob hom: ua khub thiab tsis ua khub. Thawj tsis muaj apical phaj, lawv tus lej yog ntau yam ntawm ob. Cov pinnates muaj lub phaj apical.
Nyob rau hauv bipinnate nplooj, cov phiaj yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob petioles. Cov no, dhau los, txuas rau lub ntsiab.
Peb-tawm muaj peb daim phiaj.
Pinnatifid nplooj zoo ib yam li pinnate.
Nplooj yog compound - lawv venation
Nws muaj peb hom:
- Parallel. Cov leeg khiav raws nraim ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm nplooj mus rau nws cov npoo raws tag nrho cov phaj.
- Arc. Cov leeg tsis khiav zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm arc.
- Mesh. Nws tau muab faib ua peb hom subspecies: radial, palmate thiab peritoneural. Nrog radial venation, nplooj muaj peb lub ntsiab leeg, los ntawm qhov uas tus so tawm mus. Lub palmate yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm muaj ntau tshaj peb cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb uas sib cais nyob ze ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm petioles. Nrog rau cov nplooj peritoneal, nws muaj ib txoj hlab ntsha tseem ceeb, los ntawm qhov seem tawm mus.
Cov nplooj ntoo uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws muaj cov venation reticulate.
Txhob muab nplooj rau ntawm qia
Ob qho yooj yim thiab cov nplooj tuaj yeem ua taunyob txawv. Muaj plaub hom chaw:
- Whorled. Cov nplooj yog txuas nyob rau hauv peb daim mus rau ib tug nqaim qia - ib tug whorl. Lawv tuaj yeem hla tau, nrog txhua lub voj voog tig 90 degrees piv rau yav dhau los. Nroj tsuag nrog qhov kev npaj ntawm nplooj yog elodea, raven qhov muag.
- Socket. Txhua nplooj yog nyob rau tib qhov siab thiab teem rau hauv ib lub voj voog. Agave, chlorophytum muaj xws li rosettes.
- Sequential (tom ntej). Nplooj yog txuas nrog ib qho ntawm txhua qhov. Yog li, lawv nyob ntawm birch, pelargonium, txiv apples, sawv.
- Tawm tsam. Nrog rau hom kev npaj no, txhua qhov ntawm no muaj ob nplooj. Txhua lub node feem ntau yog tig 90 degrees piv rau yav dhau los. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nplooj tuaj yeem npaj ua ob kab yam tsis tau tig cov nodes. Piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog qhov kev npaj ntawm nplooj yog mint, jasmine, lilac, fuchsia, yaj.
Thawj ob hom nplooj ntoo yog qhov zoo rau cov nroj tsuag uas muaj nplooj yooj yim. Tab sis ob hom thib ob kuj tuaj yeem siv rau cov nplooj nyuaj.
Piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag
Tam sim no cia peb saib ntau hom nplooj ntoo nrog piv txwv. Muaj txaus ntawm lawv. Nroj tsuag nrog cov nplooj nyuaj tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam kev ua neej. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau ob tsob ntoo thiab ntoo.
Ash ntoo yog cov nroj tsuag uas muaj nplooj nyuaj. Cov no yog cov ntoo ntawm tsev neeg txiv ntseej, chav kawm dicotyledonous, chav haujlwm angiosperm. Lawv muaj unpaired compound nplooj nrog xya-kaum tsib daim phiaj. Cov duab ntawm ntug yog serrated. Venation - reticulate. Cov nplooj tshauv yog siv los ua tshuaj diuretic.
Raspberries yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm ib tsob ntoo nrog cov nplooj nyuaj. Cov nroj tsuag no muaj nplooj pinnate nrog peb mus rau xya nplooj ntawm ntev petioles. Hom venation yog peritoneural. Cov duab ntawm nplooj ntug yog crenate. Raspberry nplooj kuj siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Lwm tsob ntoo uas muaj nplooj nyuaj yog lub roob tshauv. Nws nplooj yog khub. Tus naj npawb ntawm daim phiaj yog txog kaum ib. Venation - peritoneal.
Tus piv txwv tom ntej yog clover. Nws muaj complex trifoliate nplooj. Lub venation ntawm clover yog reticulate. Cov duab ntawm ntug ntawm daim ntawv yog tag nrho. Ntxiv nrog rau clover, taum kuj tseem muaj nplooj trifoliate.
Albizia kuj muaj nplooj nyuaj. Nws muaj nplooj bipinnate.
Lwm qhov piv txwv zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog cov nplooj nyuaj yog acacia. Lub bushes no muaj ib tug mesh venation. Cov duab ntawm ntug yog khov. Nplooj hom - bipinnate. Tus naj npawb ntawm daim phiaj - los ntawm kaum ib daim.
Lwm cov nroj tsuag nrog cov nplooj nyuaj yog strawberry. Nplooj hom - trifoliate. Venation - reticulate. Cov nplooj no kuj siv rau hauv cov tshuaj pej xeem. Feem ntau nrog atherosclerosis thiab lwm yam kab mob vascular.
Zoo kawg
Raws li qhov xaus, peb nthuav qhia cov lus dav dav txog nplooj ntoo.
| Nplooj hom | Kev piav qhia | Piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag |
| Ntiv tes | daim hlau ntxuam tawm ntawm petiole, zoo li tib neeg ntiv tes | Ntsuab txiv duaj |
| Pinnate | Tus lej ntawm daim hlau yog khib, muaj ib qho apical. Txhua daim hlau yog nyob ntawm lub ntsiab petiole | |
| Paripinnate | Daim nplooj nplooj yog khib, lub apical ib ploj. Tag nrho lawv nyob ntawm lub ntsiab petiole. | |
| 2 pinned | Cov phiaj yog txuas rau cov petioles theem nrab loj hlob los ntawm lub ntsiab petiole. | Albizia |
| Trinity (peb nplooj) | Lawv muaj peb daim hlau uas txuas ntawm lub ntsiab petiole | Clover, beaver |
| daim duab txiav | daim phiaj yog plaub, tab sis tsis sib cais tag nrho | Rowan |
Yog li peb saib cov qauv ntawm nplooj ntoo, nws hom, piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj lawv.
