Tej zaum yog cov lus qhia dheev ploj ntawm peb cov lus, tib neeg tseem tuaj yeem sib txuas lus. Lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus yuav txaus txaus los qhia cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb: Kuv xav tau qhov no, Kuv xav tau! Tab sis yog tsis muaj cov lus uas peb siv los piav txog kev zoo nkauj thiab kev phem, kev hlub thiab kev tu siab, kev qaug zog thiab lub zog, cov lus zoo li no yuav tsis muaj lawm.
About adjective
Ib nqe lus yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus uas piav qhia ntau yam cim thiab teb cov lus nug "dab tsi?", "leej twg?" (feem ntau, "dab tsi?", "leej twg?", thiab lwm yam). Lub adjective qhia txog cov khoom ntawm ib yam khoom xws li xim (dawb, ntsuab), tsw los yog saj (floral, s alty, ntsim). Nrog kev pab ntawm adjectives, lawv characterize ib tug neeg (zoo, phem), qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom (pob tshab, nyuaj). Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas ib tus neeg ua haujlwm (zoo, phem), tham txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb (ntseeg, ruam). Hauv lwm lo lus, tsuas yog adjectives ua rau peb cov lus meej thiab capacious, muab nws ntauntau ntxoov.
Ib ntu loj ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv tau mob siab rau txoj kev kawm ntawm adjectives, lawv cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv. Cia peb nyob ntawm ib hom ntawm cov lus no xwb. Ntsib Denominative Adjectives!
About denominations
Nominative formations yog cov uas los ntawm lub qia ntawm lub npe los yog adjective (tsis yog los ntawm ib tug verb). Muaj denominative verbs (kom noj hmo, yuav ua phem), muaj txawm denominative prepositions (saib ntawm, vim, txog). Tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov npe denominative. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus zoo sib xws tsim los sawv cev ntawm lub npe: kev lag luam zoo li, vaj, puv lub qhov, straw, hauv av, saum ntuj-siab, thiab lwm yam. Wb tham kom ntxaws ntxiv.
About the properties of adjective
Denotative adjectives tsuas yog ib hom cais ntawm tsev neeg loj ntawm cov lus no. Yog li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv uas siv rau tag nrho cov adjectives kuj siv rau cov npe. Yog li, raws li lawv lub ntsiab lus lexical, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 pawg: txheeb ze, muaj, zoo.
Qualitative adjectives qhia ntau yam khoom ntawm cov khoom, xws li qhov hnyav thiab qhov loj (me me, lub teeb), xim thiab tsos (dawb, puv), hnub nyoog thiab tus cwj pwm (tub hluas, npau taws), thiab lwm yam. Cov kwv tij adjectives kuj piav txog cov yam ntxwv. ntawm nouns, tab sis indirectly, nyob rau hauv lawv relation mus rau lwm yam khoom. Cov khoom ntawm kev sib raug zoo no tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv (daim ntawv, hlau), qhov chaw(nyob deb nroog, nroog), lub sij hawm (hnub no, lub caij ntuj no), kev txiav txim (sau, kho), tswvyim (mathematical), tus naj npawb (ob npaug), thiab lwm yam. Muaj adjectives characterize belongs rau ib tug neeg, lawv teb cov lus nug "leej twg?" ("leej twg?", "leej twg?", "leej twg?"). Piv txwv ntawm possessive adjectives: hare, paternal, fishy.
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, hauv txhua pab pawg muaj cov npe npe. Piv txwv li: muaj "hma" los ntawm lub npe "hma", txheeb ze "straw" (los ntawm "straw"), zoo "golden" (los ntawm "kub"). Los ntawm txoj kev, ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm lo lus "golden", peb pom tias tib lo lus tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ntau hom. Hauv kev sib xyaw "golden plig" no adjective ua raws li ib tug zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia "golden nplhaib" - raws li ib tug txheeb ze.
About suffixes
Kev tsim ntawm denominative adjectives tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxiv prefixes, suffixes, xaus rau lub hauv paus ntawm nouns. Prefixes (prefixes) thiab cov lus xaus feem ntau tsis tsa cov lus nug tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws tsim nyog tham txog cov ntsiab lus ntxiv kom ntxaws. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm denominative adjectives yog ntau haiv neeg. Tab sis feem ntau, lawv cov ntawv sau raug yog yooj yim nco qab. Nyob rau hauv lub suffixes "Liv" thiab "Chiv" tsuas yog "thiab" tuaj yeem yog tam sim no: kev dag, kev xav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus "iv" thiab "ev", txoj cai spelling zoo li no: "iv" yog sau nyob rau hauv lub suab lus stressed, "ev" nyob rau hauv lub unstressed suab (will, tab sis steering). Cov kev zam rau txoj cai yog lo lus "kev hlub tshua" thiab "dawb dawb huv". Cov lus "ov", "ovat", "ovit" yog sau tom qab cov lus sib dhos, tshwj tsis yog "ts". Piv txwv:kws txawj, ua txhaum, ua lag ua luam. Tom qab cov lus mos, nws lub suab thiab "ts", qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus siv, feem, yog "ev", "evat", "evit": khaub ncaws, pob txuv, glossy. Nws ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau cov xwm txheej no thaum cov lus sau ntawm cov lus kawg ntawm cov npe ntawm cov npe ua rau ntau cov lus nug.
About the sk suffix
Vim li cas peb thiaj sau "German" tab sis "Fabkis"? Cov lus nug zoo li no feem ntau tsis meej pem. Qhov tseeb yog nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub muaj ib tug suffix "k", thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob "sk". Tab sis ua li cas koj paub thaum lawv txhua tus sau? Kev sau ntawv ntawm denominative adjectives ntawm no yog tswj hwm los ntawm txoj cai hauv qab no. Yog tias lub ntsiab lus xaus ntawm "k", "c" lossis "h", ces cov lus "k" yuav tsum tau siv, thaum cov ntawv "k" thiab "h" nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus hloov mus rau "c": weaver - weaver, nrig - kulak, blacksmith - kuznetsk. Cov lus "sk" feem ntau yog siv rau cov npe txheeb ze. Piv txwv li: Prague - Prague (ntawm no, hauv paus ntawm lub npe, "g" hloov mus rau "zh"), tus neeg tsav nkoj - tus neeg tsav nkoj (ntawm no, "s" hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe, ua ke nrog cov lus "sk", yuav Yog hais tias lub npe nws tus kheej xaus rau hauv "sk", raws li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm qub Lavxias teb sab npe (Omsk, Yeysk), ces denominative adjectives yog tsim tsis muaj ib tug suffix tag nrho: Yeisk, Omsk.
Nws yog qhov txaus siab los sau qee cov npe ntawm cov npe uas tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus txawv teb chaws. Peb sau Welsh (los ntawm Wales) tshem tawm 'c' los ntawm lub hauv paus tab sis ntxiv 'ck' suffix. Tib lub sijhawm, hauv lo lus Daugavpils (los ntawm Daugavpils), "s" los ntawmlub hauv paus ntawm lub npe ua ke nrog cov lus "sk" yuav muab peb ob npaug rau "s" nyob rau hauv lub adjective. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub adjective Damascene (los ntawm Damascus), tus "k" tom kawg ntawm lub npe ploj, yog li "ss" yog sau.
Cov piv txwv no hais li cas? Ntawm qhov tsis meej ntawm cov lus thiab ntawm ntau hom kev zam. Yog li, tsis zoo li cov cai, peb sau: Tajik, Uzbek (tsis yog Tajik, Uzbek). Cov no thiab lwm yam adjectives uas tsis poob raws li feem ntau lees txais kev sau ntawv yuav tsum tsuas yog cim.
Cia tsis ua ob zaug
Tsab ntawv "n" nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ua rau cov lus nug feem ntau. Thaum twg koj yuav tsum siv nws ib leeg thiab thaum twg koj yuav tsum muab ob npaug rau nws?
Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau. Txoj cai yog qhov yooj yim: yog tias lub hauv paus no tsis xaus rau "n", ces feem ntau yuav tsis muaj ob npaug. Dachny (los ntawm dacha) - nyob rau hauv xws li cov lus, txawm tias qhov kev xav yuav tsis tshwm sim rau ob yam dab tsi. Nyob rau hauv lub suffixes "an", "yan", "in" kuj yuav tsis muaj ob npaug: tawv (tawv nqaij), muv (nplaim), earthen (lub ntiaj teb). Muaj tseeb tiag, muaj ob peb lo lus uas txoj cai no tsis ua haujlwm: iav, ntoo, tin.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm nouns nrog lub hauv paus xaus "n", tsim ntawm ib tug denominative possessive adjective tshwm sim tsis muaj ib tug suffix txhua. Piv txwv li: npua teb, npua, npua, mos lwj, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub xub ntiag ntawm cov lus no kom tsis txhob nug ib lo lus nug zoo li: "Vim li cas tsuas yog ib "n" sau rau hauv lawv?"
Siv "nn" hauv denominative adjective
Raws li cov cai lees paub, peb sau ob "n" nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm cov npe ntawm cov npe uas tsim nrog cov lus "enn" lossis "onn". Piv txwv li: cranberry, promotional, excursion. Los ntawm txoj kev, zoo tib yam adjectives nrog tib lub ntsiab lus, hais txog lub siab tshaj plaws degree ntawm tus yam ntxwv, poob nyob rau hauv tib txoj cai: wide, hefty.
Qhov ob npaug ntawm "n" kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov npe uas yog los ntawm cov npe nrog "kuv": lub npe, noob, chij, pawg neeg. Qhov tshwm sim yuav zoo li no: nominal, pab pawg neeg, noob, (liab) banner.
Nrog ob "n" ib qho yuav tsum sau cov npe ntawm cov npe, tus thawj lub npe uas muaj tsab ntawv "n" tom kawg ntawm lub hauv paus. Ntawm no, ob npaug tshwm sim vim qhov "n" ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntxiv rau hauv tsab ntawv uas twb muaj lawm: muaj nuj nqis (nqi), ntev (ntev), instant (instant).
Saib hauv paus
Cov lus Lavxias tsis yooj yim, thiab qee qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis zoo ib txwm pom tseeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rov hais dua ib zaug ntxiv qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom pom lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe: qhov no yog qhov uas feem ntau ua rau kev sau ntawv raug ntawm tus denominative adjective. Vim li cas peb thiaj sau swan, tiam sis thaum ub? Vim hais tias hauv thawj qhov piv txwv peb muaj cov lus "hauv", qhov twg tsis tuaj yeem ua ob npaug. Hauv qhov thib ob, qhov "n" los ntawm cov lus txuas ntxiv rau "n" los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe "lub sijhawm qub", uas ua rau peb ua ob npaug.
Zoo kawg
Yuav tsis muajadjectives tuaj yeem nyob. Tiamsis tej lus ntawd yuav yog dabtsi? Primitive, txwv, tsis muaj precision thiab zoo nkauj. Yuav tsis muaj paj huam, tsis muaj prose, tsis txawm tias cov cim ntawm kev vam meej. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev kawm ntawm adjectives yog qhov tsim nyog heev thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nthuav heev.
