Scan yog cov cuab yeej qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov jewelers los tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov khoom los ntawm cov hlau nyias nyias. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "skani" los ntawm lo lus qub "skati" (mus twist). Nws yog los ntawm twisted, twisted hlau threads uas cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
Los ntawm Latin tuaj lwm lub npe - "filigree". Lub hauv paus Latin no muaj ntau hom lus txawv teb chaws rau lub npe ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
Nrhiav seb dab tsi yog daim ntawv teev npe, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub sijhawm thib ob. Hauv cov peev txheej txawv teb chaws (thiab qee zaum hauv Lavxias ib yam), cov khoom tseeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab thaum ub tau piav qhia tias yog filigree.
Jewelry masterpieces tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm filigree (filigree) muaj nyob ua ntej peb era. Qhov sib txawv nrog filigree ntawm Ancient Russia yog txiav txim los ntawm txoj kev ntawm zus tau tej cov hlau los ntawm precious hlau los yog alloys. Lawv forged hlau los yog rub lub workpiece los ntawm ib tug kos duab - yog li ntawd, ib tug nyias nyias xov tau txais. Nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt thiab tim Nkij teb chaws, forging yog siv los ua nws.
Cov qub Lavxias teb sab masters ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th scanned nyiajthiab kub tau los ntawm txoj kev thib ob - kos duab. Dab tsi yog filigree ua ntau centuries dhau los, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus saib hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Lawv muaj cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev teev ntuj, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj. Hnav khaub ncaws (khau boots, siv tawv, thiab lwm yam), phau ntawv thav ntawv, tais diav, ntoo khaub lig - filigree qauv zoo nyob txhua qhov chaw. Nws tsim nyog nco qab tias Monomakh lub kaus mom kuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog filigree.
Russian masterpieces
Filigree (nrog rau cov hlaws dai) tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem nto moo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Kev cob qhia rau kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo heev yog nyob ntawm cov tsev hais plaub thiab cov tsev teev ntuj. Tau ntau centuries, Lavxias teb sab jewelers tau ua tiav cov cuab yeej no.
Nyob rau xyoo 18th-19th, muaj ntau lub chaw ua haujlwm filigree. Tiag tiag tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab los ntawm filigree - nplhaib, nplhaib, brooches, pendants, amulets, rattles. Txawm tias lorgnettes thiab lighters tau dai kom zoo nkauj siv cov txheej txheem no, uas yog kev sib raug zoo nrog Art Nouveau style.
Nyob rau hauv Soviet Russia, kev kos duab siab ntawm filigree tsis ploj. Cov pov thawj ntawm kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab filigree yog qhov khoom plig kub uas nws tau txais hauv Fab Kis xyoo 1937. Dab tsi yog filigree los ntawm Russia yog paub zoo nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws: Lavxias teb sab masterpieces tau rov qab qhia nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb exhibitions. Scan tau ib txwm suav hais tias yog khoom plig zoo thiab khoom plig. Openwork accessories, vases, caskets, coasters thiab tais diav muab lub sab hauv ntawm lub tsev ib tug tshwj xeeb style.
Tam sim no, ntau lub chaw tau koom nrog tsim cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhia cov txuj ci no. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam muaj Pavlovsky technical tsev kawm ntawv ntawm pej xeem kos duab crafts, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Kazakovskaya filigree, muaj ib tug enterprise ntawm kos duab cov khoom. Hauv cheeb tsam Kostroma - Krasnoselsky Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Hlau.
Airy thiab graceful cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm kev mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm craftsmen. Nws pib yog kos duab, kos duab. Ib tug complex khoom xav tawm mus rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nthuav dav. Txhua yam tseem ceeb rau cov duab tshwj xeeb: txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau, nws qhov smoothness los yog twisting, meej dabtsi yog khoov. Jewellers siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. solder cov khoom tom qab ua cov qauv nteg tawm ntawm daim ntawv nrog nyiaj solder.
Ntau hom filigree txawv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub hauv paus hlau los yog nws tsis muaj, kev sib xyaw ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Tab sis tag nrho cov txheej txheem no haum cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi yog: xuas tes ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog cov hlau nyias ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis lawv cov alloys.
Kev siv cov txuj ci ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo nkauj dua. Scan yog flattened (nrog ib tug ribbed nto). Nws yog supplemented nrog blackening, silvering, polishing, enamel. Nyob rau hauv lub masterpieces ntawm Ancient Russia, filigree, raws li txoj cai, tau ua ke nrog granulation (me me hlau soldered granules).
Cast openwork khoom zoo ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis qhov no yog ib tug cuav pretence. Txoj kev casting kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv cov hnub qub. Cov tswv paubdab tsi yog tiag tiag filigree, tab sis lawv xyaum casting, rov ua filigree qauv. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua los tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab hauv tsev teev ntuj los ntawm hlau.
Twisting ib tug hlau nyob ib ncig ntawm nws axis yog hu ua torsion, nws kuj yog suav hais tias yog ib tug imitation ntawm filigree siv txij thaum ancient sij hawm.
