Txawm hais tias lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicisms tau kawm hauv tsev kawm theem siab, tsis tshua muaj neeg kawm tiav yuav nco ntsoov lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no. Peb tuaj yeem hais li cas txog cov neeg laus uas lub tsev kawm ntawv lub rooj zaum nyob deb.
Lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicism yog dab tsi?
Cov cim ntawm cov lus no muaj ntau yam uas peb tsis pom lawv lawm. Qub Slavonicisms yog cov lus qiv los ntawm cov lus qub Slavic, uas yog suav tias yog thawj phau ntawv ntawm cov Slavs thaum ub.
Kuj nyob rau hauv phau ntawv kawm lossis hauv Is Taws Nem koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus xws li Church Slavonicism. Los ntawm nws lawv feem ntau txhais tau tib yam li qub Slavonicism, nrog rau qhov sib txawv tsuas yog cov lus tau txais los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic lus. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ib qho tom qab ntawm lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus nrog cov cim ntawm Lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicism tau siv txhua qhov chaw hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub. Nws yuav zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis ib tus ntawm peb hais lus qiv tsawg kawg peb zaug hauv ib hnub. Thiab lawv hais tej lus no ntau zaus lawvtsis txhob hnov qab Slavonicisms lawm.
Sim hais lo lus no
Yog li koj paub li cas thaum cov lus no tuaj rau hauv kev hais lus? Muaj ntau qhov txawv ntawm qhov qub Slavonicisms hauv Lavxias lus. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus qiv no tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si ntawm lub suab thiab kev sau ntawv.
Nrog rau kev kawm ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov ncauj lus no, nws tau pom tias muaj txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm tiav los txheeb xyuas cov lus xws li Lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicisms, cov cim ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Phonetic. Zoo sib xws hauv suab, accents.
- Derivational. Ib txoj hauv kev sau cov lus zoo sib xws.
- Lexical. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus, lawv cov xim hauv kev hais lus thiab hauv kev sau ntawv.
pib ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicisms
Pib txij li xyoo pua 9 hauv Russia, diglossia tau pom nyob rau hauv cov lus ib puag ncig. Lo lus no feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog ob hom lus, txawm hais tias lawv txawv heev:
- Hauv ob hom lus, ib hom lus siv tau maj mam hloov los ntawm lwm tus, ua rau tsuas yog ob peb lo lus nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
- Nrog diglossia, ob hom lus sib ntxiv, tsim ib hom kev sib koom ua ke, uas tom qab ntawd txhim kho mus rau ib yam dab tsi nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv qub. Dysglossia yog hom lus ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem nyob tau ntev, raws li nws nyob hauv Russia.
Thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg Vajtswv hauv tebchaws Russia, diglossia tau nthuav dav txhua qhov chaw, thiab lus Lavxiasraug suav hais tias yog txhua hnub, thiab lub Koom Txoos Slavonic tau suav hais tias yog ib hom lus sau ntawv siab nrog lub ntsiab lus dawb ceev.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv?
Tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th puas tau diglossia pib tig mus rau ob hom lus. Yog li ntawd, lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic lus pib maj mam ploj mus thiab ua rau nws txoj hauj lwm tsis muaj zog, tawm hauv ib txoj hauv kev tsuas yog hauv kev sau ntawv xwb.
Cov phau ntawv dawb ceev thiab cov ntawv "siab" tau muab txhais ua "txhua hnub" Cov lus qub Lavxias. Maj mam, Lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicism ploj mus rau hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov lus Lavxias, tawm hauv ntau cov lus ceeb toom.
peb puas ntsib cov lus qiv?
Ntau zaus. Txawm ntau npaum li koj xav.
Lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic cov lus tau dhau mus rau cov lus niaj hnub no hauv ob lub xeev sib txawv:
- Tag nrho. Cov no yog cov lus xws li lub plhu, qhov muag, cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab lwm yam, tsis paub dhau peb.
- Pab. Ntawm no qhov teeb meem yog nthuav ntau, vim hais tias nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm twv seb lo lus tau txais qiv. Cov lus dhau los ib nrab suav nrog: kev ntseeg tsis tseeb, kev sau ntawv, kev zoo siab, kev ceev faj thiab lwm yam.
Yog li peb siv lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicism ntau npaum li cas hauv peb cov lus?
Tsawg kawg ib zaug ib lim piam. Koj puas paub tias lo lus "Sunday" kuj yog lo lus qiv? Nws, zoo li lo lus "Tus Tswv", tau dhau mus rau hauv peb cov lus los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic lus.
Nws kuj yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov lus uas muajOld Slavonic nta evoke koom haum nrog cov lus sau. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tsis muaj cov xim stylistic txhua, uas ua rau lawv siv tsis tau. Koj puas xav tias "kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv" cuam tshuam nrog lub Koom Txoos Slavonic cov lus, ib yam li "drifting"?
Kev siv cov ntsiab lus qiv tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog homogeneous, vim qee qhov ntawm lawv yog cov lus Lavxias thaum ub, tsuas yog dhau sijhawm lawv tau coj los ua ib hom lus sib txawv. Cov lus no suav nrog, piv txwv li, "precious", "Belgrade" thiab lwm yam.
Txawm cov qub Slavonicism feem ntau siv thaum sau cov duab kos duab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kws sau paj huam ua txhaum nrog qhov no. Cov lus zoo li no tsis yog tuaj yeem ua rau tus nyeem ntawv hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muab cov lus sib dhos sib txawv, thiab tseem txhim kho qhov kev xav ntawm tag nrho cov lus sau.
Piv txwv li, "pob plhu" siv hauv zaj paj huam yuav qhia meej rau hauv nws txoj kev sib hlub thaum ub uas tau yeej lub siab ntawm poj niam ntau xyoo.
Phonetic nta ntawm lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicisms
Yog li phonetically txhais lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicisms li cas? Cov cim qhia ntawm cov lus no tuaj yeem pom yog tias koj txheeb xyuas Cov Qub Slavonic (lwm yam - South Slavic) txoj hauv kev tsim cov lus.
Ntxim qab kawg, nrog luag zoo ib yam, feem ntau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Phonetic nta ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonicisms:
- Muaj cov lus sib dhos ra/la lossis oro/olo, uas tshwm sim los ntawmProto-Slavic lus. Cov lus no suav nrog: nce nqi, cem, zoo siab - tau zoo, rov qab, plaub hau, taub hau, huab-plhaub, txias thiab lwm yam.
- Muaj cov lus sib txuas ntawm cov suab lus, uas sib haum rau Lavxias (lossis East Slavic) ere/ele/elo. Cov no suav nrog: daim ntaub thaiv-zaj duab xis, ntau, xa mus / tam sim no, milky-milky, hloov-kev ntxeev siab thiab lwm yam.
- Kev hloov ntawm cov lus ra/la thiab ro/lo ntawm qhov pib ntawm lo lus: nyob rau hauv bulk, crumble, nkoj-nkoj, dab neeg, sib txawv-khoom muag, sib nrug, sib npaug-yaj thiab lwm yam.
- Vaj a/e/u/o/i/u thaum pib: me nyuam yaj, dawb huv neeg ruam, kho siab, dab tuag, tib leeg.
- Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntawv zhd, thiab nws sib raug rau Lavxias zh: txaus siab, tiv thaiv, rau txim-raug txim, tsis paub-tsis paub, txhua hnub-hnub thiab lwm tus.
- Lab ntawv sh/pcs/shh/h: stray-stray, toffee, tig tawm thiab lwm tus.
Lexical cov cim ntawm lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicisms
Cov paib xws li suav hais tias:
- Ntau "bookishness" ntawm cov lus, lawv solemnity. Cov ntsiab lus no nyuaj rau siv hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub.
- Nyob rau lub ncauj lus ntawm kev ntseeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Christianity.
- pib lo lus nyuaj nrog kev pab ntawm Vajtswv / zoo / vanity / zoo / plab / phem / ib tug thiab lwm yam. Cov lus no suav nrog: kev ntseeg, kev pe hawm, koob hmoov, koob hmoov, kev phem-neeg phem, kev ntseeg, kev sib koom siab, kev sib koom ua ke thiab lwm yam.
Derivational nta ntawm Qub Slavonicisms
Nrog rau cov suab lus ntawm cov lus xws li Lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicisms, cov cimlawv txoj kev kawm kuj tseem ceeb heev. Cov morphemes hauv qab no yog suav tias yog cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus tsim ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonicisms:
- Zoo-paub rau txhua tus neeg ua ntej / dhau los / los ntawm / hauv qab, muaj ntawv sau ua lus Lavxias (re/through/through/in/s). Xws li cov lus muaj xws li: tus ntoo khaub lig-kev ua phem, dhau-ntau dhau, xaiv-xaiv, coj-pimp-txo, thiab lwm yam.
- Common usch / yusch / ashch / yashch (xws li Lavxias rau uch / yuch / ach / yach), uas tau hloov pauv mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov npe. Cov no yog: tam sim no-kua, astringent, dag-dag thiab lwm yam.
- Suffixes -zn, -tv / tva, -tai, -stvo / action, -yn / ynya: ruaj khov, khav theeb, sau, lub neej, herald, kws kes duab vajtse, lus cog tseg, kev nqis tes ua, ntxeem tau thiab lwm yam.
- Suffix -tel: ua lag luam, tsav tsheb, tsim, conqueror, buyer, thiab hais txog.
Yog li, tau kawm paub txhais lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonicisms, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab txhua lub sijhawm thaum koj siv lawv. Tom qab tag nrho, ib tug tsuas yog yuav tsum tau pom qhov no ib zaug, raws li niaj hnub hais lus yuav vam meej nrog cov nqe lus ntawm antiquity, kom txog thaum lub modestly nkaum qab tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov lus dog dig.
