Phosphine yog cov pa tshuaj lom uas tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab. Los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg pom, nws yog ib qho tsis muaj zog hydrogen compound ntawm phosphorus. Hauv chemistry, cov mis rau phosphine yog - PH3. Los ntawm nws cov khoom, nws muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws nrog ammonia. Cov tshuaj no txaus ntshai heev, vim nws muaj toxicity siab thiab nyiam rau nws tus kheej-ignite.
Tau txais
Txoj kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws kom tau txais phosphine yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov phosphorus dawb nrog cov tshuaj alkali muaj zog thaum cua sov. Hauv qhov no, phosphorus disproportionates rau hauv metaphosphate thiab phosphine. Cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog diphosphine (P2H4) thiab hydrogen, yog li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no me me thiab tsis pub tshaj 40. %
Qhov tshwm sim diphosphine hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab reacts nrog alkali, ua rau tsim cov phosphine thiab hydrogen.
Thiab hypophosphite tau txais hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, nrogKev sib cuam tshuam nrog alkali, nkag mus rau hauv phosphate nrog kev tso tawm ntawm hydrogen.
NaH2PO2 + 2NaOH=2H2 + Na 3PO4
Tom qab ua tiav ntawm txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam, vim yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm alkali ntawm phosphorus, phosphine, hydrogen thiab phosphate raug tsim. Txoj kev tsim khoom no tseem tuaj yeem ua nrog alkali oxides es tsis txhob alkalis. Qhov kev paub no zoo nkauj heev, vim tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm diphosphine tam sim ntawd hlawv thiab hlawv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nplaim taws, ua kom zoo li cov foob pob hluav taws.
Thaum raug dej lossis kua qaub, hlau phosphides kuj tsim phosphine.
Thaum lub sijhawm thermal decomposition ntawm phosphorous acid lossis nws txo qis nrog hydrogen, phosphine kuj tsim thaum lub sijhawm sib cais.
Phosphonium ntsev decompose lossis hnov mob nrog qee yam tshuaj kom muab phosphine.
Lub cev muaj zog
Phosphine yog cov roj tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw. Tab sis kev phosphine (nrog qee qhov impurities) tuaj yeem muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, uas tau piav qhia ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov hnyav dua li huab cua, ntawm -87.42 ° C nws liquefies, thiab ntawm -133.8 ° C nws dhau los ua khoom. Cov ntsiab lus qis qis thiab melting yog vim tsis muaj zog hydrogen bonds. Cov tshuaj yog xyaum insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob tsim unstable hydrates nrog dej. Cia peb zoo yaj hauv ethanol thiab diethyl ether. Qhov ceev ntawm phosphine nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj yog 0.00153 g/cm3.
tshuaj muaj zog
Raws li tau hais lawm, cov tshuaj phosphine yog PH3. Txawm hais tias phosphine zoo ib yam li ammonia, nws muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj. Cov yam ntxwv no yog vim lub fact tias cov tshuaj bonds nyob rau hauv phosphine (nws ua kom meej los ntawm cov mis) yog covalent weakly polar. Lawv yog cov polar tsawg dua nyob rau hauv ammonia thiab yog li ntawd ntau ruaj.
Thaum ua kom sov (kwv yees li 450 ° C) yam tsis muaj oxygen, phosphine decomposes rau hauv cov khoom yooj yim.
2PH3 → 2P + 3H2
Ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 100 °C PH 3 nws tus kheej-ignites los ntawm reacting nrog atmospheric oxygen. Qhov ntsuas kub tuaj yeem txo qis nrog lub teeb ultraviolet. Vim li no, phosphine tso tawm los ntawm swamps feem ntau spontaneously ignites, ua rau cov tsos ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua "will-o'-fires."
PH3 + 2O2 → H3PO4
Tab sis qhov yooj yim combustion tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd tsim cov phosphoric anhydride thiab dej.
2PH3 + 4O2 → P2O5 + 3H2O
Zoo li ammonia, phosphine tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog hydrogen halides.
PH3 + HI → PH4I
PH3 + HCl → PH4Cl
Raws li cov qauv ntawm phosphine, peb tuaj yeem hais tias phosphorus hauv nws muaj oxidation qis tshaj plaws. Vim li no, nws yog ib tug zoo txo tus neeg sawv cev.
PH3 + 2I2+ 2H2O → H 3PO2 + 4HI
PH3 + 8HNO3 →H3PO4 + 8NO2 + 4H2 O
Daim ntawv thov
Vim nws muaj toxicity, phosphine tau pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv fumigation, piv txwv li, kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau yam kab tsuag (kab, nas) nrog kev pab los ntawm roj. Rau cov txheej txheem no, muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - cov tshuab fumigator, nrog rau kev siv cov roj uas txau hauv tsev. Feem ntau, phosphine los yog npaj raws li nws yog kho nrog warehouses ntawm grain qoob loo, npaj txhij-ua khoom noj khoom haus, rooj tog, raws li zoo raws li cov tsev qiv ntawv, Hoobkas chaw, tsheb ciav hlau thiab lwm yam tsheb. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev kho mob no yog tias phosphine, txawm tias nyob rau hauv me me, yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw nyuaj mus txog thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog hlau, ntoo thiab ntaub hauv txhua txoj kev.
chav kho nrog phosphine, nws khaws cia rau hauv lub xeev kaw rau 5-7 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm qhov cua kom tsawg kawg yog ob hnub, txwv tsis pub nws yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tus neeg nyob hauv nws. Tom qab ntawd, phosphine tsis tso tseg txawm nyob rau hauv zaub mov, nplej thiab lwm yam khoom.
Phosphine kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm qee yam tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov organic. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj ntshiab phosphorus tuaj yeem tau los ntawm nws, semiconductors doped siv phosphine.
Toxicology
Phosphine yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg heev. Nws sai sai dhau los ntawm txoj kev ua pa thiab cuam tshuam nrog mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub paj hlwb, nrog rau cov metabolism hauv feem ntau. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom muaj xws li kiv taub hau, xeev siab, ntuav, mob taub hau, qaug zog, qee zaum txawm tiasmob taub hau. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav ntawm kev tawm mus, tus neeg yuav tsis nco qab lossis tsis ua pa thiab lub plawv dhia. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai ntawm phosphine hauv huab cua yog 0.1 mg / m 3. A concentration ntawm 10 mg/m3 tam sim tuag.
Thawj qhov ua rau cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm phosphine lom yog coj lawv tawm mus rau huab cua ntshiab thiab tso lawv tawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws tsis huv. Nws kuj raug pom zoo kom douse tus neeg raug tsim txom nrog dej kom sai sai tshem tawm cov pa phem uas tseem tshuav. Kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob suav nrog kev siv lub npog ntsej muag oxygen, saib xyuas lub plawv dhia thiab lub siab mob, thiab kev kho mob pulmonary edema. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsawg kawg 2-3 hnub, txawm tias tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm kev lom. Qee cov tsos mob yuav tsis tshwm sim kom txog thaum ob peb hnub tom qab kis tau phosphine.
