Txij li xyoo 2011, txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm Lavxias Federation tau hloov mus rau ob theem, uas tau siv sijhawm ntev hauv cov tebchaws sab hnub poob. Qhov no yog vim kev nkag mus rau peb lub teb chaws rau cov txheej txheem Bologna, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho kev kawm zoo thiab nws cov kev siv tau.
Kev sib txuas nrog qhov kev hloov tshiab no, tsis yog lub sijhawm cob qhia tau nce, tab sis kuj muaj cov lus nug. Cov tswv lag luam tsis tuaj yeem siv rau qhov tseeb tias daim bachelor's degree yog kev kawm tiav qib siab, thiab tus master's degree tsis yog kawm tiav nrog ob txoj kev kawm siab dua, tab sis tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais kawm uas xav kom nkag siab qhov kev paub yav dhau los.
Xyoo 1996, txoj kev kawm zoo li no twb tau ua lawm, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws raug suav tias yog ib qho kev sib cais thiab sib cais tsis tau.
Tam sim no, kev kawm Lavxias muaj 3 qib kev kawm qib siab:
- Bachelor;
- kawm tiav;
- tswv.
Bachelor's degree muaj plaub xyoos ntawm kev kawm. Tom qab lub sijhawm no, tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb nws yuav ua li caskawm ntxiv. Yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv tsis muaj lub cib fim los yog xav mus kawm ntawv ntxiv, nws yog tsim nyog nres nyob rau hauv ib tug bachelor's degree, thiab yog hais tias muaj ib lub siab xav rau siab mus rau kev qhia ntawv los yog science, ces nws muaj ib tug ncaj qha txoj kev mus rau ib tug master's program. Cov kev kawm muaj yog tsim los rau ob xyoos, tom qab uas nws yog tsim nyog los mus dhau qhov kawg daim ntawv pov thawj, tiv thaiv qhov kawg project thiab - voila, peb muaj ib tug master's degree. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm txuj ci. Cov neeg kawm tiav zoo li no muaj lub sijhawm los ua tus tswv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv profile kom sib sib zog nqus thiab mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv nws txoj kev xav niaj hnub no yog kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm, uas yog, lub npe zoo siab ntawm "tus tswv" yog daim pib mus rau hauv nroog. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tswv qhib rau cov tuam txhab loj hauv Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws.
Cia li xav txog tias muaj pes tsawg qhov kev cia siab tau muab zais rau hauv ib lo lus yooj yim "tus tswv"! Cov kev kawm tau txais nyob rau hauv rau xyoo ntawm kev kawm, thiab lwm yam, yuav txaus rau scientific thiab tswv yim ua si thiab qhia.
Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm bachelors thiab cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kawm tiav qib siab yog qhov tseeb tias yav dhau los tau qhia cov haujlwm yooj yim, thaum tom kawg tau txais kev paub tsim nyog los daws cov teeb meem nyuaj, piv txwv li, lawv paub cov kev tshwj xeeb " nuclear engineer" thiab "tus neeg sau xov xwm -tv txiv neej".
Cov lus nug tom ntej uas txhawj xeeb rau cov neeg Lavxias yog: "Puas tau kawm tiav qib siab liab yog tias koj kawm tiav nrog xiav?".
Nyobtus as khauj no tau sib cav ntev, thiab xyoo 2012 Ministry of Education thiab Science tau tshaj tawm ib daim ntawv uas daws qhov teeb meem no. Tam sim no "triples" rau bachelor's degree tsis yog ib qho teeb meem, txij li tus tswv txoj haujlwm tau raug lees paub tias yog ib qho kev kawm ywj pheej. Txawm hais tias qhov no, bachelor's degree tseem yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev nkag mus rau tus tswv txoj haujlwm.
Thiab qhov xaus, kuv xav kom nco ntsoov: raws li kev tshawb fawb, cov tswv tau xav tau ntau dua li cov kws tshaj lij nrog ntau qhov kev kawm qib siab. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias tus tswv tsis yog tus kws tshaj lij, tab sis yog tus kws tshaj lij uas muaj kev paub zoo thiab cov txuj ci tsim nyog.
