Gutta-percha yog ib qho tawv ntuj latex ua los ntawm cov kua txiv ntawm Palaquium, Isonandra thiab Dichopsis ntoo. Lo lus nws tus kheej los ntawm lub npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lus Malay - "geiha Persian", uas txhais tau tias "glove latex". Gutta-percha - lawv yog dab tsi? Cov npe no yog siv ob qho tib si lus thiab piv txwv.
Kev tshawb fawb
lo lus "gutta-percha" txhais li cas? Raws li kev tshawb fawb, cov khoom no tau muab faib ua xyoo 1843 raws li cov khoom siv thermoplastic. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, gutta-percha tau siv rau ntau yam ntawm domestic thiab industrial lub hom phiaj.
Tshwj xeeb, cov khoom no xav tau los ua cov khoom siv insulating rau submarine telegraph cables. Ntev ua ntej gutta-percha tau qhia rau lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob, nws tau siv hauv daim ntawv tsawg dua los ntawm cov neeg hauv tebchaws Malaysian archipelago rauua tes rau riam, taug kev thiab lwm yam siv.
thawj European nrhiav cov khoom no yog John Tradescant, uas nrhiav tau nws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Far East xyoo 1656. Nws hu ua "Maser's Forest". Dr. William Montgomery, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Kho Mob ntawm Indian Kev Pabcuam, tau qhia txog gutta-percha rau kev siv tswv yim nyob rau sab hnub poob. Nws yog thawj tus uas txaus siab rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv no hauv tshuaj, thiab xyoo 1843 nws tau txais txiaj ntsig kub los ntawm Royal Society of Arts hauv London.
Gutta-percha ntoo
Nyob hauv Malaysia, tsob ntoo hu ua "taban" thiab cov neeg nyob ntawd tau ib txwm siv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawv ("hanah") los ua cov khoom xws li molded tool handles thiab riam. Qhov no natural latex, tseem hu ua gutta-percha, yog ib yam khoom muaj nqis heev.
Palaquium gutta ntoo loj hlob mus rau qhov siab ntawm 5-30 m thiab feem ntau mus txog 1.5 m ntawm txoj kab uas hla. Lawv glossy ntsuab saum toj no thiab feem ntau daj los yog glaucous hauv qab.
Paj tshwm nyob rau hauv pawg me me raws stems, txhua lub paj muaj ib tug dawb corolla nrog plaub mus rau xya (feem ntau yog rau) lobes ntse. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ovoid txiv hmab txiv ntoo 3-7 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, muaj ib mus rau plaub noob. Nws yog edible nyob rau hauv ntau hom.
Hauv Australia, gutta-percha yog lub npe nrov tshwj xeeb siv rau tsob ntoo Excoecaria parvifolia, uas ua rau muaj ntxhiab tsw, hnyav, xim av tsaus. Nws kujhu ua "Northern birch". Hom tshwj xeeb no tsis cuam tshuam nrog genus Palaquium.
Los ntawm kev pom tshuaj lom neeg
gutta-percha txhais li cas? Hauv kev nkag siab, nws yog tsim los ntawm gutta-percha. Cov khoom no yog dab tsi los ntawm kev pom tshuaj? Nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv, nws yog ib tug latex elastomer los yog ib tug polymer ntawm isoprene los yog polyisoprene. Thaum cov roj hmab latex yog amorphous nyob rau hauv cov qauv molecular, lub gutta-percha (transstructure) crystallizes ua rau ib tug stiffer sib xws. Gutta-percha yog ib qho polymer ntawm isoprene uas yog mos thaum rhuab thiab tuaj yeem yooj yim molded rau hauv ntau yam duab uas zoo meej.
siv kho hniav
Tib yam bio-inertia uas ua rau gutta-percha haum rau marine cables kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob, xws li kev kho hniav. Cov khoom siv no yog siv rau hauv ntau cov khoom siv phais thiab hauv kev kho hauv paus (obturation lossis txhaws ntawm qhov chaw khoob hauv cov hauv paus hniav tom qab nws tau txais kev kho mob endodontic). Nws lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog, suav nrog inertness thiab biocompatibility, melting point, ductility thiab malleability, ua rau nws tseem ceeb hauv endodontics.
Keeb kwm siv
Ua kev lom zem thiab ruaj khov, hom latex no yog cov hluav taws xob zoo hluav taws xob nrog lub siab dielectric tas li. Ntoo ntawm ntau hom kuj tseem ceeb. Cov khoom ntawm gutta-percha tau pom los ntawm Western ntiaj teb tsuas yog xyoo 1842, txawm hais tias cov neeg hauv zos Malay hauv zos siv nws rau.ntau centuries. Yog tias cov kua (kua txiv) tso cai rau evaporate thiab coagulate nyob rau hauv lub hnub, ib tug nruj latex yog tau, uas yuav rov hloov tau thaum rhuab, tab sis tsis nkig, tsis zoo li roj hmab tau ua ntej nrhiav tau ntawm vulcanization.
Los ntawm 1845, xov tooj cua insulated nrog gutta-percha tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv Great Britain. Latex tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov khoom siv insulating rau cov xov tooj cua submarine thaum ntxov, suav nrog thawj transatlantic telegraph cable. Gutta-percha yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau qhov no, raws li nws tsis tau tawm tsam los ntawm marine nroj tsuag los yog tsiaj txhu uas defaced yav dhau los submarine cables.
Cov khoom siv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Chatterton sib koom ua ke, siv los ua insulating sealant rau telegraph thiab lwm yam hluav taws xob cables. Txij li thaum xyoo 1930s, polyethylene tau hloov gutta-percha ua hluav taws xob insulator.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, gutta-percha kuj tau siv los ua rooj tog, tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub tuam txhab Gutta-Percha, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1847. Thaum rhuab, cov khoom yuav raug molded rau hauv rooj tog, ornaments, los yog tais diav. Qee qhov kev txhawb siab zoo li no tau nthuav tawm ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Zoo Tshaj Plaws hauv xyoo 1851 hauv Hyde Park, London.
siv niaj hnub
Nws kuj tau siv los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub quaj vim nws yog xim tsaus thiab tuaj yeem yooj yim molded rau hauv cov hlaws dai lossis lwm yam duab. Cov phom phom thiab lub xub pwg pads kuj tau ua los ntawm gutta-percha, uas muab lawv lub zog thiab kav ntev. Ib lub pob golf guttie uas muajkhoom gutta-percha core, revolutionized qhov kev ua si.
Cov khoom siv no tseem yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, tab sis tom qab ntawd pib maj mam hloov los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws zoo tshaj. Txawm hais tias nws muaj keeb kwm ntev, gutta-percha tseem siv niaj hnub no. Cov kws kho hniav niaj hnub tseem siv nws los sau cov kwj dej.
"Gutta-percha": meaning
Lub tswvyim no yog dab tsi? Yog li, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, gutta-percha yog tsim los ntawm gutta-percha (natural roj hmab). Hauv kev txiav txim siab, lo lus no tau txais lub ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog kev yoog raws thiab elasticity. Hais txog tib neeg, qhov kev txhais no tau pib siv thiab dhau los ua ib lo lus hauv tsev tom qab D. V. Grigorovich tau sau nws zaj dab neeg tu siab "Tus Gutta-Percha Boy".
Ntawm no yog ib zaj dab neeg tu siab heev hais txog ib tug tub hluas uas hais tias tsis muaj pob txha vim nws yoog raws thiab yoog raws. Txij no mus, cov neeg uas hu ua gutta-percha yog cov neeg ncaws pob uas muaj kev ncab zoo. Nws yog ua tiav los ntawm kev cob qhia mus sij hawm ntev. Tus poj niam gutta-percha yog tus kws ncaws pob uas tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis txaus ntseeg nrog nws lub cev.
Gutta-percha taug kev
gutta-percha txhais li cas? Lo lus no yog tam sim no heev fashionable thiab nyob rau hauv cov hluas slang txhais tau tias saj zawg zog, zoo nkauj, graceful. Yog tias koj nco qab cov lus los ntawm zaj nkauj ntawm tus hu nkauj Bianchi - "Nrog lub plab-percha gait, peb mus rau Iarfor"(Noj hmo ntuj)… ".
Ntawm no kuv txhais tau tias tsis yog elastic thiab yoog raws li mos, swaying thiab graceful. Tej zaum koj tuaj yeem hnov txog tus neeg tias nws yog gutta-percha. Nws tuaj yeem txhais tau yooj yim thiab tau ntxim hlub. Thaum yav dhau los lub sij hawm tau txuam nrog roj hmab bands thiab gymnasts, nws yog tam sim no synonymous nrog kev sib deev ib yam nkaus.
Zoo kawg nkaus
Gutta-percha yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas hloov pauv tau, yas, muaj peev xwm khoov rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv, thiab tsis ua rau tus kheej noj qab haus huv. Qhov no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub circus. Cov lej no tau ua los ntawm cov neeg gutta-percha, gymnasts thiab acrobats nrog nce lub cev hloov tau, ua rau cov neeg tuaj saib zoo nkauj nrog lawv cov yas zoo kawg.
