Kev txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv cov neeg siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee lub cev rog uas tiv thaiv qhov kev txav no. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm atomic-molecular txoj kev xav ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem, qhov tshwm sim no yog raws li qhov tseeb tias cov electrons raug them thaum lawv lub zog sib tsoo nrog cov atoms uas tsim cov khoom ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm nws tus kheej nrog qhov poob tsawg. Raws li, qhov kev tiv thaiv uas cov khoom ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib muaj rau cov hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm nws tau txais lub npe "hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib" hauv physics.
Resistance yog ncaj qha proportional rau voltage thiab inversely proportional rau tam sim no lub zog. Raws li cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas, nws raug ntsuas los ntawm tsab ntawv R thiab ntsuas hauv Ohms.
Tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau thaum tsim cov khoom siv, nws tsis yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib tiv dhau los ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb duahluav taws xob tam sim no, tab sis ntau npaum li cas nws muaj peev xwm ua qhov tam sim no heev. Qhov opposite ntawm hluav taws xob kuj yog conductivity.
Tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob conductivity, siv nyob rau hauv physics, characterizes lub peev xwm ntawm lub cev los ua ib tug conductor ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus quantitative, conductivity yog reciprocal ntawm resistivity. Nws yog cim los ntawm tsab ntawv γ thiab ntsuas nyob rau hauv units ntawm m / ohm × mm ^ 2 los yog siemens / meter).
Raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm hluav taws xob engineering - Ohm txoj cai - tus nqi ntawm cov conductivity tshwj xeeb qhia tau hais tias kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ceev tam sim no uas tshwm sim hauv ib tus neeg xyuas pib, thiab tus lej tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas tshwm sim hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb. ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev qhia no tsuas yog siv tau rau qhov nruab nrab homogeneous; nyob rau hauv ib txheej inhomogeneous, qhov tshwj xeeb conductivity tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis tensor.
Ntawm cov hlau, qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws conductivity yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nyiaj thiab tooj liab. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov peculiarities ntawm cov qauv ntawm lawv cov siv lead ua lattices, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm them cov khoom (electrons thiab ions) txav tau yooj yim.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov hlau ntshiab muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua li cov hlau, yog li ntawd, hauv kev lag luam rau hluav taws xob lub hom phiaj, lawv nyiam siv cov ntshiab tooj liab nrog cov ntsiab lus impurity tsis ntau tshaj 0.05%. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov tshwj xeeb conductivity ntawm tooj liab yog 58,5 Simmens / mm ^ 2, uas yog qhov siab tshaj qhov feem ntau ntawm lwm cov hlau.
Ntxiv rau cov hlau conductors, cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub, feem ntau yog cov thee. Los ntawm nws, tshwj xeeb, txhuam tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob, electrodes siv hauv kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab lwm yam.
