Infrared tawg yog ib hom hluav taws xob ntuj. Txhua tus neeg raug nthuav tawm rau nws txhua hnub. Ib feem loj ntawm lub zog ntawm lub hnub tuaj rau peb lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm infrared rays. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam khoom siv uas siv hluav taws xob infrared. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Nws feem ntau nyob ntawm hom thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej no.
Infrared hluav taws xob, lossis IR rays, yog ib hom hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas nyob hauv cheeb tsam spectral los ntawm lub teeb pom kev liab (uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 0.74 microns) mus rau lub xov tooj cua luv luv (nrog lub wavelength ntawm 1. -2 hli). Qhov no yog ib cheeb tsam loj ntawm lub spectrum, yog li nws ntxiv subdivided rau hauv peb qhov chaw:
- ze (0,74 - 2.5 µm);
- nruab nrab (2.5 - 50 microns);
- far (50-2000 microns).
Discovery keeb kwm
Xyoo 1800, tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Askiv, W. Herschel, ua qhov kev soj ntsuam tias nyob rau hauv qhov pom tsis tau ntawm lub hnub ci spectrum (sab nraum lub teeb liab), qhov ntsuas kub ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub nce. Tom qab ntawd, qhov subordination ntawm infrared radiation rau txoj cai ntawm optics tau ua pov thawj thiab ib tug txiav txim siab los ntawm nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog pom lub teeb.
Ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet physicist A. A. Glagoleva-Arkadyeva, uas tau txais xov tooj cua tsis muaj λ=80 μm (IR range) hauv xyoo 1923, muaj kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua los ntawm pom hluav taws xob mus rau IR hluav taws xob thiab xov tooj cua tsis tau. sim ua pov thawj. Yog li, qhov kev txiav txim siab tau txiav txim siab txog lawv qhov xwm txheej electromagnetic.
Yuav luag txhua yam nyob rau hauv qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm emitting wavelengths sib haum mus rau infrared spectrum, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog ib qhov chaw ntawm infrared hluav taws xob. Tib neeg lub cev tsis muaj kev zam. Peb txhua tus paub tias txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig yog tsim los ntawm atoms thiab ions, txawm tias tib neeg. Thiab cov khoom zoo siab no muaj peev xwm ntawm emitting IR kab spectra. Lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev zoo siab nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam, piv txwv li, hluav taws xob tawm lossis thaum cua sov. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob spectrum ntawm nplaim taws ntawm lub qhov cub roj muaj ib tug band nrog λ=2.7 µm los ntawm dej molecules thiab nrog λ=4.2 µm los ntawm carbon dioxide.
IR nthwv dej hauv lub neej txhua hnub, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam
Siv qee yam khoom siv hauv tsev thiab tom haujlwm, peb tsis tshua nug peb tus kheej txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob infrared rau tib neeg lub cev. Lub caij no, cov cua sov infrared yog nrov heev niaj hnub no. Lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov roj radiators thiab convectors yog lub peev xwm ua kom sov tsis yog huab cua nws tus kheej ncaj qha, tab sis tag nrho cov khoom hauv chav. Ntawd yog, rooj tog, hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa yog rhuab ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv muab lawv cov cua sov rau qhov chaw. Tib lub sijhawm, cov hluav taws xob infrared tseem cuam tshuam cov kab mob - tib neeg thiab lawv cov tsiaj.
IR rays kuj tau siv dav hauv cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab kev tswj chaw taws teeb. Ntau lub xov tooj ntawm tes muaj cov chaw nres nkoj infrared rau kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv. Thiab tag nrho cov chaw taws teeb tswj rau cov cua txias, cov chaw suab paj nruag, TVs, qee qhov kev tswj cov menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si kuj tseem siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov infrared.
Kev siv cov hluav taws xob infrared hauv cov tub rog thiab astronautics
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws infrared rays yog rau aerospace thiab tub rog kev lag luam. Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm photocathodes rhiab heev rau cov hluav taws xob infrared (txog 1.3 microns), cov cuab yeej pom kev hmo ntuj (ntau lub koob yees duab, pom, thiab lwm yam) raug tsim. Lawv tso cai, thaum ib txhij irradiating khoom nrog infrared hluav taws xob, tsom lossis saib hauv qhov tsaus ntuj.
Ua tsaug rau cov tsim tau txais kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob infrared, kev tsim cov cuaj luaj homing tau ua tau. Cov sensors hauv lawv lub taub hau hnov mob rau IR hluav taws xob ntawm lub hom phiaj, uas feem ntau yog sov dua li ib puag ncig, thiab coj cov cuaj luaj mus rau lub hom phiaj. Raws li tib txoj cainrhiav kom tau qhov cua sov ntawm cov nkoj, dav hlau, tso tsheb hlau luam siv cov kev taw qhia cua sov.
IR locators thiab rangefinders tuaj yeem ntes ntau yam khoom hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb rau lawv. Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb - optical quantum generators uas tawm hauv cheeb tsam infrared, yog siv rau qhov chaw thiab kev sib txuas lus ntev hauv av.
Infrared hluav taws xob hauv science
Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog kev kawm ntawm emission thiab absorption spectra hauv cheeb tsam IR. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov electron plhaub ntawm atoms, los txiav txim cov qauv ntawm ntau yam molecules, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub qualitative thiab quantitative tsom xam ntawm mixs ntawm ntau yam tshuaj.
Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tawg, kev sib kis thiab kev xav ntawm lub cev hauv qhov pom thiab IR rays, cov duab thaij nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej txawv me ntsis. Cov duab infrared feem ntau qhia meej ntxiv. Cov duab zoo li no tau siv dav hauv astronomy.
Kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm infrared rays ntawm lub cev
Thawj cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob infrared ntawm tib neeg lub cev hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo 1960. Tus sau ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog tus kws kho mob Nyij Pooj Tadashi Ishikawa. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm nws thwmsim, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau hais tias infrared rays zoo li nkag mus tob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem thermoregulation tshwm sim, zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub sauna. Txawm li cas los xij, tawm hws pib ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (nwsyog hais txog 50 ° C), thiab cov cua kub ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev tshwm sim ntau dua.
Lub sijhawm cua sov no, cov ntshav ncig tau nce ntxiv, cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsws, cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous thiab daim tawv nqaij nthuav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntev ntev ntawm cov hluav taws xob infrared ntawm ib tus neeg tuaj yeem ua rau mob stroke tshav kub, thiab muaj zog infrared hluav taws xob ua rau kub hnyiab ntawm qhov sib txawv.
IR tiv thaiv
Muaj ib daim ntawv teev npe me me ntawm kev ua ub no txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob infrared rau tib neeg lub cev:
- Txo kev siv hluav taws xob. Nws ua tiav los ntawm kev xaiv cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis tsim nyog, hloov kho raws sijhawm ntawm cov khoom siv tsis siv, nrog rau nws cov qauv tsim nyog.
- Tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tawm ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws xob. Yog tias cov kab ntau lawm tso cai, cov chaw taws teeb tswj ntawm cov kab ntau lawm yuav tsum nyiam.
- Kev teeb tsa cov ntxaij vab tshaus tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw lossis chaw ua haujlwm. Cov laj kab zoo li no tuaj yeem npaj ua ob txoj hauv kev los txo cov nyhuv ntawm infrared hluav taws xob rau tib neeg lub cev. Hauv thawj kis, lawv yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab hauv qhov thib ob, lawv yuav tsum ncua lawv thiab hloov cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau lub zog thermal, ua raws li kev tshem tawm. Vim lub fact tias cov ntxaij vab tshaus tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob deprived cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sij hawm los saib xyuas cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub ntau lawm, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau pob tshab los yog translucent. Rau qhov no, silicate los yogquartz iav, nrog rau cov hlau meshes thiab chains.
- rwb thaiv tsev thermal lossis cua txias ntawm qhov chaw kub. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal yog los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kub nyhiab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
- Cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej (ntau yam zuag qhia tag nrho, tsom iav nrog lub teeb ci hauv tsev, cov ntaub thaiv npog).
- ntsuas kev tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm cov kev ua saum toj no theem ntawm raug infrared hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub cev tseem siab txaus, ces xaiv ib tug tsim nyog hom kev ua hauj lwm thiab so yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Txoj kev zoo rau tib neeg lub cev
Infrared hluav taws xob cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev ua rau kom cov ntshav ncig tau zoo dua vim vasodilation, zoo dua saturation ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nrog oxygen. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nce hauv lub cev kub muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev ua xua vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm rays ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv daim tawv nqaij.
Nws tau pom tias kev phais tau ua raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob infrared muaj ntau qhov zoo:
- mob tom qab phais me ntsis yooj yim dua;
- ntxhiab cell rov tsim dua tshiab;
- Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob infrared rau tus neeg zam qhov txias ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev thaum kev phais ntawm cov kab noj hniav qhib, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob siab.
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas kub hnyiab, hluav taws xob infrared tsim muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov necrosis, nrog rau kev ua autoplasty ntawm theem ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm ua npaws yuav txo qis, anemia thiab hypoproteinemia tsawg dua, thiab qhov zaus ntawm cov teeb meem raug txo.
Nws tau raug pov thawj tias cov hluav taws xob infrared tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog ntawm qee cov tshuaj tua kab los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntau ntawm peb paub txog kev kho mob rhinitis thiab qee qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus mob khaub thuas nrog xiav IR teeb.
Ham rau tib neeg
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob infrared rau tib neeg lub cev kuj tseem ceeb heev. Feem ntau pom tseeb thiab tshwm sim yog tawv nqaij kub hnyiab thiab dermatitis. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog ntev dhau los ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm infrared spectrum, lossis thaum lub sij hawm irradiation khaus. Thaum nws los txog rau cov txheej txheem kho mob, nws tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tseem, kub strokes, asthenia thiab exacerbation ntawm qhov mob tshwm sim nrog kev kho tsis raug.
Ib qho teeb meem niaj hnub no yog qhov muag kub hnyiab. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau lawv yog IR rays nrog wavelengths nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.76-1.5 microns. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov cawv, lub lens thiab aqueous lom zem yog rhuab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Ib qho kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog photophobia. Qhov no yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm cov menyuam yaus ua si nrog laser pointers thiab vuam uas tsis quav ntsej cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej.
IR rays hauv tshuaj
Kev kho nrog hluav taws xob infrared yog hauv zos thiab dav. Hauv thawj kis, ib qho kev txiav txim hauv zos yog nqa tawm ntawm qee qhov ntawm lub cev, thiab hauv qhov thib ob, tag nrho lub cev raug cuam tshuam rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov duab tshav. Kev kho mob yog nyob ntawm tus kab mob thiab tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 5 mus rau 20 ntu ntawm 15-30 feeb. Thaum ua cov txheej txheem, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yogsiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau ua kom lub qhov muag noj qab haus huv, siv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb los yog tsom iav.
Tom qab thawj cov txheej txheem, qhov liab liab nrog cov ciam teb tsis pom tseeb tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, dhau li ntawm ib teev.
Kev ua ntawm IR emitters
Nrog muaj ntau yam khoom siv kho mob, cov neeg yuav khoom siv rau tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khoom siv no yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb thiab siv tau raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias, zoo li txhua yam khoom siv kho mob, infrared yoj emitters tsis tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kab mob.
| wavelength, µm | Useful action |
| 9.5 µm | Immunocorrective act in immunodeficiency states los ntawm kev tshaib plab, carbon tetrachloride lom, siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws ua rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov ntsuas ib txwm muaj ntawm cellular txuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. |
| 16.25 microns | Antioxidant ua. Nws yog ua los ntawm kev tsim cov dawb radicals los ntawm superoxides thiab hydroperoxides, thiab lawv recombination. |
| 8, 2 thiab 6.4 µm | Antibacterial action thiab normalization ntawm plab hnyuv microflora vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormones prostaglandin, ua rau cov nyhuv immunomodulating. |
| 22.5 µm | Kev txhais lus ntauInsoluble compounds, xws li ntshav txhaws thiab atherosclerotic plaques, mus rau hauv lub xeev soluble, tso cai rau lawv tshem tawm ntawm lub cev. |
Yog li ntawd, tus kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog, tus kws kho mob paub txog yuav tsum xaiv cov kev kho mob. Nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov nthwv dej emission infrared, cov cuab yeej siv tau rau ntau lub hom phiaj.
