Tam sim no, kev sib tw yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo tib yam, uas thaum xub thawj siab ib muag tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntoo nyias nyias muaj ntau yam khoom uas ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv siv. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov sib tw yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab suav nrog ntau yam khoom, txhua tus ua nws txoj haujlwm.
Yuav ua li cas yog ua los ntawm
Txhua qhov kev sib tw muaj ob ntu:
ntoo stick, txwv tsis pub hu ua straw;
Cov haujlwm tom kawg tsuas yog thaum sib cuag nrog cov txheej tshwj xeeb hu ua kis lossis grater. Nws yog siv rau sab qhov chaw ntawm lub thawv thiab ua hauj lwm rau thawj ignition ntawm lub match. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov grating loj yog complex.
Straws feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ntoo thuv lossis aspen, tab sis poplar, linden thiab lwm yam pob zeb uas haum rau lawv cov khoom kuj tuaj yeem siv tau. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib daim ntaub nyias nyias (veneer) tshem tawm ntawm tsob ntoo tawv ntoo ua cov khoom siv raw.
Lub taub hau tshajib tug complex thiab multicomponent ib feem ntawm kev sib tw. Nws yog ib qho incendiary loj txuas mus rau qhov kawg ntawm ib tug straw.
Yam khoom twg yuav tsum muaj kev sib tw
Ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm paub zoo los ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm cov thawv, cov khoom sib tw muaj cov khoom nram qab no:
- lub ember ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov quav cab tsis smolder, uas yog tsim nyog rau hluav taws kev nyab xeeb;
- nplaim taws uas sawv ntawm lub taub hau tsis tawm tam sim ntawd, tab sis mus rau hauv cov quav cab;
- slag ntawm lub taub hau hlawv tsis tawg;
- Txoj kev sib kis tsis ignite kiag li (tsuas yog ntawm qhov taw tes ntawm lub taub hau).
Tag nrho cov xwm txheej no tau ua tiav vim muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib tw. Ntxiv mus, txawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws - lub straw - yog impregnated nrog tshwj xeeb tshuaj.
Txoj kev sib tw taub hau
Tam sim no, muaj ntau yam formulations ntawm incendiary masses. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txhua qhov kev sib tw, qhov sib xyaw ntawm lub taub hau ib txwm suav nrog cov pab pawg hauv qab no:
- oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm - muab cov pa oxygen, ua rau cov txheej txheem combustion (potassium bichromite lossis chlorate, berthol ntsev, pyrolusite, thiab lwm yam);
- combustible Cheebtsam - ntau yam tshuaj (sulfur, organic adhesives ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj keeb kwm, phosphorus compounds) yuav siv tau raws li lawv;
- dyes - muab lub taub hau ib yam xim;
- fillers - tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov (hlau oxide, iav crushed);
- acidity stabilizers - tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab (calcium carbonate, zinc oxide thiabetc.);
- gluing tshuaj - tuav tag nrho cov khoom ua ke thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj cov khoom sib txuas.
Qee lub ntsiab lus sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, ua ntau yam haujlwm ib zaug. Yog li, pyrolusite tsis tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa oxygen xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau lub decomposition ntawm Berthol ntsev, thiab hlau oxide tiv thaiv kev tawg tawg thiab tib lub sijhawm muab lub taub hau xim xim (xeb).
Yog li, nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm los hais tias cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib tw yog sulfur lossis phosphorus. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug combustible tshuaj uas yuav ignited los ntawm kev sib txhuam yuav tsis nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej muab cov yam xav tau. Qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub taub hau thiab kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov quav cab yog tag nrho cov saw ntawm lub cev thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj.
Qhov kev sib tw ntawm qhov sib tw kuj nyob ntawm lawv ntau yam. Yog li, qee qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau tawg ntawm txhua qhov chaw uas muaj kev sib txhuam txaus, thaum lwm tus - tsuas yog thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog siv rau lub thawv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, peb tab tom tham txog qhov kev sib tw kev nyab xeeb, lub taub hau uas tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, uas yog phosphorus sulfide. Cov khoom no tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv lub grating loj.
Straws
Straw ntoo yuav tsum ua tau raws li ntau qhov kev xav tau:
- siab porosity - muab cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm nqus tau zoo;
- rigidity - tiv thaiv lub matchstick ntawm dabtsi yog khoov thaum nws hits saum npoo kom ignite;
- easy to handle.
Cov cuab yeej kawg yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev tswj hwm nrog cov khoom siv raw hauv kev tsim cov khoom nyias nyias ntawm qhov xav tau.
Straws txiav los ntawm ntoo veneer yog impregnated nrog tshwj xeeb anti-smoldering agents (phosphoric acid, dimonium phosphate), uas tsim ib zaj duab xis rau ntawm nws nto thaum lub sij hawm hlawv ntawm ib tug match. Cov ntoo ze ntawm lub taub hau muaj cov tshuaj paraffin, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nplaim taws. Yog tsis muaj cov khoom no, qhov sib tw yuav tawm mus yuav luag tam sim tom qab hluav taws kub.
Grate mass
Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov grating loj kuj nyob ntawm hom kev sib tw thiab daim ntawv qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov qauv qauv feem ntau sib haum rau cov qauv hauv qab no:
- tshuaj tsw qab - ua los ntawm liab phosphorus;
- pyrolusite - ua haujlwm tib yam li hauv lub taub hau;
- calcium carbonate;
- tsis zoo hlawv cov tshuaj (liab hlau, kaolin, calcium carbonate, gypsum) - tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm tag nrho;
- antimony chloride;
- Yfastening tivthaiv (adhesive).
Liab phosphorus plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib tsoo. Thiab qhov tsim nyog kev sib txhuam yog tsim los ntawm cov iav hmoov, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev sib kis thiab lub taub hau, muab lawv qhov chaw roughness. Cov tshuaj no kuj txwv tsis pub kis ntawm flash hla lub plaster.
hluav taws tshwm sim li cas
Lub qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov sib tw tsis pib ntawm lub taub hau, tab sis ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub thawv. Raws li tau hais los saum no, liab phosphorus yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub txim. Thaum rub lub taub hau tawm tsamNws hloov mus ua dawb phosphorus, ib yam khoom uas ignites yooj yim ntawm kev sib cuag nrog oxygen. Yog li ntawd, ib lub txim raug tsim, uas ua rau cov sulfur thiab Berthol ntsev nyob hauv lub taub hau. Lwm yam combustible Cheebtsam ces ignite.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov nplaim taws ntawm lub taub hau sib tw tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm oxidizing, thiab ntawm kev sib kis nws tam sim ntawd tawm mus vim muaj cov tshuaj uas thaiv nws txoj kev sib kis.
