Methylation yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib qho carbon thiab peb hydrogen atoms rau lwm lub molecule. Qhov tshwm sim no suav hais tias yog lo lus kawg hauv kev kho mob. Nws nrog yuav luag txhua lub cev ua haujlwm.
Functions
Methyl pawg (carbon thiab hydrogen atoms) koom nrog:
- Lub cev teb rau cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab.
- Kev tsim khoom thiab ua cov glutathione. Nws ua raws li ib qho tseem ceeb antioxidant hauv lub cev.
- Kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj hormones, hnyav hlau thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
- Control inflammatory.
- Kho cov hlwb puas.
- Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab nws txoj cai, kev tawm tsam cov kab mob thiab kev kis kab mob, kev tswj hwm kev tsim cov T-cov ntsiab lus.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm DNA methylation kuj tseem ceeb. Cia peb saib ntxiv.
Kev tswj hwm tus kheej ntawm kev loj hlob
DNA methylation txhawb kev sib kis ntawm cov qauv mus rau tiam tom ntej ntawm cov hlwb thaum mitosis. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau pom tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom nrog pawg ntawm atoms hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twgCov qauv sib txawv muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub cim xeeb tsim thiab synaptic plasticity. K. Miller thiab D. Sweet tau tshawb xyuas DNA methylation. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm qhov tshwm sim coj lawv mus rau qhov xaus hais tias cov kev ua ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid methylase ho nce nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj thaum lub sij hawm memorization ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv kev qhia ntawm cov noob uas cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem nco. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg sau ntawv taw qhia rau lwm qhov tshwm sim. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias kev ua kom cov reelin protein gene, uas txhawb kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib txuas ntawm synaptic thiab koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm tus mob schizophrenia, cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nco tsim. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev txiav txim siab yog demitalase-enzymes uas muab DNA demethylation (tso tawm los ntawm pawg methyl). Qhov tseeb tsim cia peb kos cov lus xaus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. DNA methylation yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem epigenetic, nrog rau nws qhov tshwm sim rov qab, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev nco. Lub tswv yim no tau lees paub los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm E. Costa pawg. Nws tau pom tias demylation ntawm glutamate decarboxylase thiab reelin noob tuaj yeem kho tau hauv cov nas los ntawm cov khoom me me uas cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho DNA hauv cov nucleus. Cov kev tshawb fawb no qhia tsis tau tsuas yog muaj peev xwm hloov tau lub tswv yim prevailing ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub cim xeeb. Lawv kuj qhia tau hais tias DNA methylation, yav tas los suav hais tias mus tas li, yog dynamic. Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kho mob.
Ntse
Lub tswv yim tias kev nco thiab DNA methylation txuas tsis yog qhov tshiab. Lub conditionality ntawm synaptic kis tau tus mob los ntawm histone acetylation twb tau tsim ua ntej lawm. Lawv tsim cov pob txha nyob ib puag ncig uas DNA cua. Acetylation ua rau txo qis hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm histones rau nucleic acids. Yog li ntawd, kev nkag mus rau DNA thiab lwm yam proteins cuam tshuam, ntawm lwm yam, nrog rau kev ua kom cov noob tau qhib. Qhov tseeb, cov kev ua ntawm histone acetyltransferase ntawm CREBBP (ib txoj hlua khi protein), uas ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neuronal transcription, tau cuam tshuam nrog cov nyhuv ntawm cov protein no ntawm kev nco. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nce hauv kev nco mus ntev tau pom thaum siv histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nws coj mus rau qhov acceleration ntawm histone acetylation.
Hypotheses
Sweet thiab Miller nug cov lus nug hauv qab no hais txog histone-dependent downregulation ntawm cov qauv qhia. Yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj hwm kev nco, DNA methylation puas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws? Qhov tshwm sim no tau suav hais tias feem ntau yog kev tswj xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm cov qauv thaum lub sij hawm mitosis thiab tsim cov tshuab. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus lub hlwb, qhov kev siv ntawm methylase tau pom, txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm nws cov hlwb tsis sib faib. Vim qhov tseeb tias qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov noob qhia, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj methylases thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm hauv cov neurons.
Tshawb xyuas qhov kev xav
Sweet thiab nwsCov npoj yaig, kawm DNA methylation thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim no hauv kev tsim kev nco, kho cov ntu ntawm hippocampus nrog inhibitors ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferases. Lawv pom tias qhov no tiv thaiv qhov pib ntawm kev muaj peev xwm mus sij hawm ntev - kev ntxiv dag zog ntawm kev sib txuas synaptic hauv kev teb rau kev ua haujlwm neuronal. Cov txheej txheem no txiav txim siab ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm thiab kev nco. Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem pom tau tias inhibitors txo qis methylation hauv reelin DNA. Qhov no qhia nws qhov kev thim rov qab.
Kev sim
Kev txiav txim siab los coj lawv cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv, Qab Zib thiab Miller pib soj ntsuam cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv methylation hauv cov nas hauv cov qauv uas cov tsiaj kawm los koom nrog ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb nrog cov kev xav tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb yog kev poob siab. Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kev kawm kho nrog inhibitors qhia txog kev nyuaj ntawm kev kawm. Thaum muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig uas lawv yuav tsum tau ntshai, lawv khov tsawg dua li tswj tsiaj.
Cov Lus Qhia
Methylation yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau kev nco ntawm nas? Cov kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia qhov no raws li hauv qab no. Muaj ntau qhov chaw hauv DNA uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm pawg hydrogen thiab carbon atoms. Hauv qhov no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tig mus rau qhov tshwm sim hauv qab no. Lawv thawj zaug kawm txog cov tshuaj methylation ntawm cov noob uas nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov cim xeeb twb tau tsim. Ua ntej, thaj chaw uas lub cim xeeb txheej txheem ntawm phosphatase protein yog suppressed tau txiav txim siab. Txo kev qhiatuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis sib xws. Tseeb tiag, tom qab ib teev ntawm qhov kev ntshai ntawm qhov xwm txheej, qib methylation tau nce ntau dua li ib puas npaug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, mRNA qib hauv thaj tsam CA1 hippocampal tau poob qis me ntsis tab sis suav nrog kev txo qis. Cov nyhuv no muaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov tsiaj nrog ib tug ua ke ntawm me me poob siab rau cov ceg thiab lub novelty ntawm lub ntsiab lus teb. Tus kheej, cov stimuli no tsis cuam tshuam rau methylation. Raws li, koom nrog pab pawg tsuas yog ua tiav nrog kev cob qhia tiag tiag.
YDNA methylation thiab aging
Teeb meem ntawm hnub nyoog thiab kab mob oncological yog ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus uas tau tham tshaj plaws. Ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tswv yim ntau yam kev xav thiab qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib lub tswv yim tam sim no teb tag nrho cov lus nug kiag li. Lub caij no, qhov kev txaus siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev laus yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Tshwj xeeb, xibfwb Anisimov tau qhia nws txoj kev xav txog qhov no. Nws taw qhia tias kev qhia (qhia) ntawm cov noob nyob ntawm, ntawm lwm yam, ntawm methylation, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev laus. Txog li 5% ntawm cov cytosine residues ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid underwent ntxiv ntawm pawg carbon thiab hydrogen atoms nrog tsim ntawm 5MC (5-methylcytosine). Lub hauv paus no suav hais tias tsuas yog qhov tsis tu ncua hauv DNA ntawm cov kab mob siab dua. Kev sib koom ntawm cov pab pawg yuav siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si threads symmetrically. Lub 5mC residues ib txwm them los ntawm guanine residues. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauvua haujlwm sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias methylation yog koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm noob caj noob ces. Kev hloov pauv hauv chav kawm ntawm kev koom nrog pab pawg yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav hauv qib kev sau ntawv.
Yog vim li cas
Hnub nyoog txog kev demethylation tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1973. Qhov no qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib cais ntawm pawg hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm nas. Hauv lub hlwb, demethylation tau ua haujlwm ntau dua hauv daim siab. Tom qab ntawd, qhov txo qis hauv 5mC tau pom nrog lub hnub nyoog hauv lub ntsws, nrog rau cov kab mob fibroblast ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj hnub nyoog ntsig txog demethylation predisposes hlwb rau qog hloov pauv. Qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem sawv cev hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim raws li hauv qab no. Ib lub noob tsis muaj zog txuas nrog rau pawg methyl. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws raug txiav tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov noob tau qhib. Ib pawg ntawm atoms ua raws li fuse. Qhov tsawg dua lawv tus lej, ntau lub xovtooj ntawm tes yuav sib txawv thiab, raws li, laus dua, qhov ntau ntawm lawv, tus hluas yuav yog. Ib qho piv txwv classic dav siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog kev txhim kho ntawm qee hom ntses salmon. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws tuag sai sai tom qab yug me nyuam tau tshwm sim. Nag hmo, cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog yug me nyuam tuag hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Hauv cov ntsiab lus lom neeg, qhov tshwm sim no nrawm nrawm, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev demethylation loj heev ntawm DNA.
Yuav pab lub cev li cas?
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kevtuaj yeem txhim kho innate DNA methylation. Ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog:
- Nyob ntsuab ntsuab. Cov zaub ntsuab tshwj xeeb yog pom zoo. Lawv ua raws li lub hauv paus ntawm folic acid, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim methylation.
- Noj cov vitamins B12 thiab B6, riboflavin. Lawv qhov chaw yog qe, ntses, almonds, walnuts, asparagus, thiab lwm yam.
- Tau txais zinc thiab magnesium txaus. Lawv muab kev saib xyuas ntawm methylation.
- noj cov tshuaj Probiotic. Lawv pab txhawb kom tau txais thiab nqus ntawm B-pawg vitamins thiab folic acid.
Nws tseem ceeb heev kom txo qis cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab, tso tus cwj pwm phem (haus luam yeeb, haus luam yeeb). Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj no coj cov methyl pawg, thauj lub siab.
