Purine hauv paus yog cov khoom tsim hauv tib neeg lub cev feem ntau los ntawm cov khoom hnyav molecular uas tsis muaj zog - cov khoom ntawm cov carbohydrates thiab cov metabolism hauv protein. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov deoxyribonucleic thiab ribonucleic acids, uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces. Ntau yam teeb meem ntawm purine metabolism ua rau muaj mob hnyav.
Kev piav qhia
Purine hauv paus yog derivatives ntawm purine, organic natural compounds. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog adenine, guanine, caffeine, theobromine, theophylline. Peb yam khoom kawg yog lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog heev. Caffeine tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov yuav luag nruab nrab. Purines tsis tsim cov ntsev nrog cov ntxhia acids.
Txhua lub hauv paus purine tsis zoo soluble hauv dej. Nrog ntxiv ntawm cov organic acids (benzoic, salicylic), lawv cov ntsev thiab qhov kub thiab txias, solubility ntawm caffeine nce. Cov cuab yeej no yog nyob ntawm qhov tau txaistshuaj nrog nws cov ntsiab lus (diuretics, tshuaj kho mob migraine, kis pathologies thiab tshuaj lom, nrog rau kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub paj hlwb). Theophylline thiab theobromine tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev nrog cov hlau, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas lawv.
Kev tsim cov tshuaj
Synthesis ntawm purine hauv paus yog tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hlwb ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tab sis feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim siab. 6 ATP molecules yog siv rau lawv tsim.
Sab nraud metabolism ntawm cov tshuaj no tshwm sim hauv ntau theem:
- Nucleoproteins nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov.
- Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm enzymes ntawm chav kawm hydrolase, lawv tau cleaved thiab nucleic acids raug tso tawm hauv txoj hnyuv.
- Pancreatic kua txiv hydrolyses nucleic acids rau polynucleotides.
- Nyob hauv txoj hnyuv, lawv tau tawg ntxiv mus rau mononucleotides.
- Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm enzymes, tom kawg tau hloov mus rau hauv nucleosides uas muaj nitrogenous bases txuam nrog qab zib.
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Nucleosides yog absorbed hauv plab hnyuv lumen los yog decomposed rau purine thiab pyrimidine bases.
Purine bases yog cov khoom uas nws tsim tau tswj los ntawm txoj kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv suppresses thawj theem ntawm cov txheej txheem (nrog kev pab ntawm adenosine monophosphate thiab guanosine monophosphate). NtsiabCov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lawv cov synthesis tam sim no yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshiab.
Adenine thiab guanine
Adenine thiab guanine yog purine hauv paus, nws cov amino derivatives. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm nucleotides, uas yog monomeric units ntawm nucleic acids. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm purine hauv paus hauv DNA yog:
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khaws cia thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces;
- kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cell;
- Yprotein biosynthesis;
- building cells.
Adenine thiab guanine tau txais hauv chav kuaj los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm nucleic acids. Guanine kuj raug cais tawm ntawm cov nplai ntses thiab siv los ua cov xim pearlescent hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.
Lwm txoj haujlwm hauv lub cev
Ntxiv rau nucleic acids, adenine thiab guanine yog cov khoom ntawm cov organic tebchaw tseem ceeb xws li:
- Adenosine koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem biochemical (kev xa tawm ntawm lub zog thiab cov hlab ntsha impulses, tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm). Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov tshuaj no ua lub luag haujlwm tswj kev pw tsaug zog.
- Adenosine phosphates, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ATP synthesis. Cov yav tas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem biochemical hauv cov tsiaj.
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Adenosine phosphoric acids (mono-, di- thiab triphosphoric) koom nrog hauv cov protein biosynthesis, kev tswj cov tshuaj hormones, lipid metabolism, steroid tsim, kev tswj ntawm cell membrane permeability.
- Adenine nucleotides lub luag haujlwm rau txo cov ntshav siab, contractility ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab lub plawv cov leeg.
Purine hauv paus yog cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg uas muaj cov nyhuv hauv qab no rau lub cev:
- diuretic;
- stimulating CNS, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog caffeine;
- nce plawv dhia;
- nthuav dav ntawm lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha (tsuas yog cov leeg nqaij, hlwb, lub plawv thiab ob lub raum);
- txo cov ntshav txhaws.
Theobromine kuj tseem siv los kho cov kab mob bronchopulmonary. Zoo li caffeine, nws excites lub plawv cov leeg thiab nce cov zis ntau lawm. Nws yog suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav los kho cov enamel mineralization thiab nce nws hardness, tsis kam mus rau caries. Theobromine yog tau los ntawm cocoa taum, hauv av, defatted thiab boiled nrog ib tug daws ntawm sulfuric acid. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog kho nrog txhuas oxide, ntxuav thiab precipitated nrog ammonia.
Txhob Cia Siab
Cov khoom kawg ntawm cov metabolism hauv purine nucleic hauv lub cev ntawm tib neeg, primates, noog thiab ntau hom tsiaj yog hypoxanthine thiab uric acid, uas yog tawm los ntawm cov zis, thiab tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm nws tso tawm. lub cev nrog quav (txog 20%). Cov tebchaw uas tsis oxidized nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv lumen, tab sis yog absorbed, kuj ntxiv decomposed rau uric acid.
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nucleic acids uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov tsis yog qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj no, txawm hais tias lawv cov ntsiab lus hauv zaub mov nce mus txog qhov tseem ceeb.
Decomposition ntawm purine hauv paus hauv tsiaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ammonia thiab urea. Qee tus tsiaj kuj muaj enzyme zoo li urate oxidase. Nws hloov uric acid rau hauv allantoin, uas yog ntau soluble hauv dej. Hauv cov kab mob metabolic hauv tib neeg, cov kua qaub kua qaub tau tso rau hauv cov leeg, ntiv tes thiab pob txha mos, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm gout.
Qhov decomposition ntawm cov tebchaw no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv daim siab, cov hnyuv thiab ob lub raum. Kev tshem tawm ntawm uric acid los ntawm txoj hnyuv tshwm sim nrog rau cov kua tsib, qhov twg, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm microflora, qhov sib xyaw no ua rau carbon dioxide thiab dej. Tag nrho cov kua qaub tawm hauv ib hnub rau tus neeg noj qab haus huv yog kwv yees li 0.6 g.
Reuse
Rov ua dua ntawm purine hauv paus yog qhov tshwm sim uas muaj nyob rau hauv lawv rov siv dua. Cov txheej txheem no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas loj hlob sai (hauv embryos, thaum lub sij hawm rov tsim dua ntawm kev puas tsuaj, hauv cov qog). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ib tug active synthesis ntawm nucleic acids, thiab poob ntawm lawv precursors (purine bases) ua tsis tau.
Cov synthesis ntawm nucleotides tshwm sim raws txoj kev luv, nrog kev pab los ntawm enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, ib tug tag nrho complex ntawm pathological tsos mob tshwm sim,hu ua Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Outwardly, tus kab mob no tsis tshua muaj thiab siv tsis tau zoo tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav thiab kev ua phem rau nws tus kheej.
Ua txhaum cov txheej txheem metabolic
Impaired metabolism ntawm purine bases ntawm nucleotide acids kuj ua rau cov nram qab no pathologies:
- Immunodeficiency tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj enzyme nucleoside phosphorylase.
- Girke's disease yog ib hom kab mob glycogen txiav txim siab.
- Xanthinuria yog ib qho kev tsis txaus ntawm cov enzyme xanthine oxidase.
- Kev tsim pob zeb hauv cov zis.
YGout thiab urolithiasis
Nyob rau hauv gout, cov synthesis ntawm uric acid nyob deb tshaj tus nqi tawm ntawm lub cev. Txij li thaum solubility ntawm cov ntsev ntawm cov tshuaj no yog tsawg, lawv accumulates nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab pob qij txha. Qhov no ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm cov pob txha thiab kev loj hlob ntawm o (gouty mob caj dab). Ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog mob hnyav thaum hmo ntuj ntawm cov ntiv taw loj.
Hauv cov txiv neej, cov kab mob no tshwm sim 20 zaus ntau dua li cov poj niam. Kev kho mob gout yog kev noj zaub mov nruj uas tsis txhob noj cov zaub mov uas muaj purine hauv paus. Raws li cov tshuaj, allopurinol yog siv, uas inhibits cov kev ua ntawm hloov cov purine puag ntawm xanthine mus rau hauv uric acid, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg sawv cev los txhim kho nws excretion.("Anturan", "Zinhofen" thiab lwm yam).
Kev ua txhaum ntawm kev sib pauv ntawm purine hauv paus yog ib qho ua rau urolithiasis. Nws pom muaj nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob gout. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm urates nyob rau hauv cov zis ua rau lawv deposition nyob rau hauv lub urinary ib ntsuj av. Raws li kev kho mob, nws tseem pom zoo kom ua raws li kev noj zaub mov uas feem ntau ntawm cov zaub mov cog. Qhov no txhawb nqa alkalization ntawm cov zis thiab so ntawm urates.
Khoom noj
Natural thiab dag qhov chaw ntawm purine hauv paus ntawm nucleic acids yog:
- caffeine - ntsuab tshuaj yej nplooj, tsob ntoo kas fes, cocoa, guarana (nce liana ntawm genus Paulinia), dej qab zib (cola thiab lwm yam);
- theobromine - taum husk;
- theophylline - tshuaj yej ntsuab, kas fes taum.
Kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv chocolate, nqaij, siab thiab liab caw.
