Txhua tus neeg, tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv lawv lub neej, ua kev hais lus yuam kev. Cov piv txwv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau txhiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau Lavxias teb sab lus, uas paub tias yog nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tau hais lus muaj peev xwm, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho koj cov lus. Rau koj tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob, nws tsim nyog paub tias hom kev hais lus tsis raug muaj nyob thiab koj yuav tsum ua dab tsi kom tsis txhob siv lawv.
hais lus thiab nws qhov tshwj xeeb
Speech yog ib pawg paub daws teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem pom ncaj qha. Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog tib neeg kab lis kev cai, kev xav thiab, ntawm chav kawm, kev txawj ntse. Los ntawm kev hais lus, koj tuaj yeem kawm tau ntau yam, nkag siab txog qhov nyuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg, xwm txheej, thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Tab sis txhua tus ua yuam kev - ob qho tib si hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tau zoo meej nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev paub ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, nws yog tsim nyog los paub tag nrho cov yuam kev - los ntawm stylistic mus rau kev hais lus. Thiab pibKuv xav kov lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim. Dab tsi yog kev hais lus yuam kev hauv Lavxias? Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv lus uas twb muaj lawm. Koj tuaj yeem nyob hauv kev thaj yeeb yam tsis paub txog lawv, tab sis kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus neeg zoo li no nrog lwm tus yuav ua li cas yog cov lus nug. Tej zaum nws yuav to taub yuam kev.
hais lus
Nws tsim nyog sau luv luv txog hom kev hais lus yuam kev uas muaj nyob hauv Lavxias. Yog li, cov no yog cov lus, lexical, phraseological, stylistic, spelling, morphological, punctuation thiab, thaum kawg, syntactic. Thawj ntawm cov no suav nrog cov kev ua yuam kev uas tau ua los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm orthoepy. Feem ntau hais lus yuam kev hauv Lavxias. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg hais lo lus "poshti" es tsis txhob "yuav luag", confuses stresses ("cawv" - "cawv"), txo "txhiab" rau "txheej" - qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws tso cai xws blots uas txaj muag rau ib haiv neeg hais lus..
Lexicology
Hais txog hom kev hais lus yuam kev, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis hais txog cov lexical sawv daws yuav. Lawv kuj muaj ntau heev. Cov no suav nrog cov blots uas tshwm sim vim siv cov kab lus lossis cov lus hauv lub ntsiab lus uas txawv txawv rau lawv. Yog li, daim ntawv morphemic ntawm cov lus yog distorted, nrog rau cov cai ntawm semantic kev pom zoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lexicology kuj muaj kev faib tawm ntawm kev hais lus yuam kev. Muaj peb hom. Thawj yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov lus uas nyob ze rau ib leeg hauv lub ntsiab lus. Qee tus tswj hwm lawv tus kheej li no: "Kuv yuav sawv ntawm ko taw." Hom thib ob yogkev sib xyaw ntawm cov lus uas nyob ze ntawm lub suab. Nws tshwm sim ntau zaus: ib leeg - zoo tib yam, clarinet - cornet, escalator - excavator, thiab lwm yam. Thiab thaum kawg, yam thib peb ntawm qhov yuam kev yog qhov tsis meej pem ntawm cov lus uas nyob ze ob lub suab thiab lub ntsiab lus. Feem ntau lawv tsis meej pem nrog tus neeg nyob nrog tus neeg nyob, thiab tus tub ntxhais kawm nrog tus neeg sawv cev. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis hais txog qhov yuam kev "sau ntawv". Yuav kom meej meej, hais txog kev sau cov lus tsis muaj nyob. Piv txwv li, "Georgian", "lub cev muaj zog", "heroism", thiab lwm yam.
Semantic cog lus
Kev ua txhaum lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus los ntawm kev qhia cov lus tsis tsim nyog rau hauv nws kuj yog ib qho kev hais lus yuam kev. Piv txwv tuaj yeem coj los ntawm lub neej niaj hnub: "Kuv tsa qhov ci ci no." Koj tsis tuaj yeem hais li ntawd, vim "nce" txhais tau tias txav ib yam dab tsi. Ib tug toast yog cov lus solemn. Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los txhawb nqa lawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los hloov "toast" nrog lo lus "iav" lossis, tsis yog "nce", hais "Kuv hais". Hauv ob qho tib si, nws yuav yog ob qho tib si muaj peev xwm thiab muaj laj thawj. Los ntawm txoj kev, siv tib qho piv txwv, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas qhov yuam kev hais lus thiab dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua kom zam dhau nws. Ua ntej koj tshaj tawm ib kab lus, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tsis ntseeg, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov muab piv txwv. Tautologies thiab thiaj li hu ua pleonasms kuj pom nyob rau hauv kev hais lus. Cov tom kawg suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm ob lo lus uas zoo ib yam nkaus. Qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog lo lus "loj loj loj". Zoo dua hais tias "lub nroog loj". Tom qab tag nrho, "megalopolis" yog txhais li ntawd, yog li koj tsis tas yuav tuaj ntawm nontxiv lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "loj". Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, ua li no, txhua yam uas koj xav hais, koj yuav zam tau ntau yam yuam kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev cob qhia zoo li no txhim kho kev hais lus thiab kev xav. Thiab thaum kawg, ib tug tautology. Txhua yam yooj yim ntawm no: "Kuv pom daim vis dis aus", "Kuv tua xub", "Kuv teeb tsa txoj haujlwm", "Kuv tau ua haujlwm", thiab lwm yam. Synonyms txuag ntawm no - koj tuaj yeem hloov ib lo lus nrog lwm tus - thiab kab lus yuav zoo li muaj kev xav ntau dua.
Morphological thiab syntactic illliteracy
Cov kab lus nrog cov lus tsis raug cuam tshuam nrog cov morphological tuaj yeem hnov txhua hnub - hauv khw, hauv subway, ntawm txoj kev, hauv khw. Peb tab tom tham txog kev tsim cov lus tsis raug. Rau cov neeg uas hais lus Lavxias zoo, xws li "pearls" txiav lawv pob ntseg. Piv txwv li, "ua si piano", "nws pheej yig dua", "ib lub ris tsho", "txoj phuam ntawd", thiab lwm yam. Hauv qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov lus kom tsis txhob siv lawv hauv daim ntawv tsis raug. Syntax yuam kev yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm cov lus. "Kev Nyeem Yesenin ua rau muaj kev xav loj heev" - ntawm no cov lus nug tshwm sim, lawv puas tau nyeem nws cov haujlwm, lossis Sergei Alexandrovich nws tus kheej tau nyeem? Los yog, piv txwv li, cov kab lus no: "Muaj ntau lub kaus poom ntawm lub txee" - qhov no yog qhov pom tseeb tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Thiab muaj ntau yam piv txwv. Qee tus neeg hais qhov no los ntawm kev sib tsoo, nrawm, lwm tus tawm ntawm qhov tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog kho koj tus kheej kom tus interlocutor tsis xav txog nws tus nrog sib ntaus tsis paub ntawv.
Spelling rules
qauv lus thiab hais lus yuam kev tib neegtsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas lus nyob. Muaj ntau yam tso cai rau blots thaum sau ntawv, tshaj tawm, sau ntawv. Cov no suav nrog kev sau ntawv yuam kev. Ib tug neeg tso cai rau lawv vim nws tsis paub hloov, sau lossis sau cov lus. Lawv tsis nco qab muab ob "nn" hloov ib qho, tsis yog "o" lawv sau "a", lawv tsis quav ntsej cov cim muag hauv qhov xaus ntawm cov lus qhia nrog "sh". Qhov yuam kev tuaj yeem yog me me (piv txwv li, ib tus neeg tsis nco qab tsab ntawv los ntawm qhov yuam sij ploj), tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Muaj ib rooj plaub thaum ib tug tub kawm ntawv ua plaub yuam kev ntawm lo lus "hedgehog", sau "iosh". Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog ib tug me nyuam uas nyuam qhuav kawm, thiab thaum cov neeg laus, cov neeg ua tiav ua tiav qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, qhov no tsawg kawg yog coj txawv txawv. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau saib koj cov lus kom, raws li lawv hais, koj tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
Logic hauv lus
Peb cov lus yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb - txhua tus paub qhov no. Yog li ntawd, ib tug yuav tsum sim tsis txhob ua txhaum txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo, tsis txhob hla ib qho kev sib txuas hauv ib qho kev piav qhia, tsis txhob rov kho qhov feem ntawm kab lus, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tsis txhob "khiav" ua ntej ntawm ib qho kev xav. Txhawm rau sib txuas lus kom meej, koj yuav tsum nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv hauv txoj hauv kev uas cov neeg sib tham tuaj yeem kawm tau. Nws tsis nyuaj, koj tsuas yog xav kom mloog koj cov kev xav.
Kev faib tawm ntxiv
Ntau qhov kev hais lus yuam kev raug txiav txim siab, piv txwv uas qhia meej tias qhov no lossis qhov tsis txaus yog dab tsi. Tab sis qhov tseeb, muaj ntau ntau hom xws li "blots", ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm kev hais lusyuam kev, feem, ntau voluminous. Piv txwv li, piv txwv li, ua yuam kev hauv kev siv tsis ncaj ncees ntawm qee cov lus. "Ua tsaug rau koj, nws tau mob" - kab lus zoo li no muaj ntau heev. Kev siv lo lus "ua tsaug" ntawm no yog tsis yooj yim sua, vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug txawv kiag li kev xav connotation. Thiab qee zaum tib neeg ua yuam kev uas txawm hais tias funny. Piv txwv li, "Gogol's "Nce" muaj lub ntsiab lus tob" lossis "Ob tus nees tsav mus rau hauv vaj. Cov no yog cov tub ntawm Taras Bulba "- cov lus tau siv tsis tau tiav. Los ntawm txoj kev, kev txom nyem ntawm tib neeg cov lus kuj tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau kev hais lus yuam kev. Qhov no feem ntau yog piav qhia los ntawm nws cov lus me me. Nws feem ntau siv tib lo lus, rov qab ntau heev. Qhov no kuj yuav tsum zam.
Speech Development
Tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov lus tsis raug, cov piv txwv ntawm lawv thiab nrhiav pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv, ib tus tuaj yeem nkag siab tias kev hais lus raug tsis yooj yim. Tab sis yuav luag txhua tus neeg xav qhia nws tus kheej hauv txoj kev uas nws nkag siab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm tas li ntawm koj tus kheej thiab koj cov lus hais, txhim kho nws. Yuav tiv thaiv kev hais lus li cas? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau nyeem cov ntawv tseeb, mus saib cov chaw ua yeeb yam, tsev cia puav pheej thiab ua yeeb yam, tham nrog cov neeg txawj ntse thiab txawj ntse. Tag nrho cov no yog qhov tsim nyog los nthuav koj cov lus thiab tau txais kev paub txog kev siv qee cov lus. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov sib npaug tuaj yeem raug kos ntawm qhov kev txhim kho ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev kawm ntawm hom lus txawv teb chaws. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua leej txhua tus paub tias ib tug neeg, nkag mus rau hauv cov lus ib puag ncig, assimilates nws zoo dua. Hauv qhov no, cestib yam - los ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntau dua nrog cov neeg paub ntawv thiab siv sijhawm rau cov xwm txheej kab lis kev cai, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau dua.
