Nyob rau hauv ib qho biocenosis muaj kev ncig ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv mus tas li, nrog rau kev txav ntawm qhov tsis muaj sia mus rau qhov muaj sia nyob thiab rov ua dua. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog rau txoj kev no yog lub hnub. Nws lub zog thaum lub voj voog yog thawj zaug hloov mus rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv tshuab thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv tshav kub vim yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv biocenosis.
Cov kev sib raug zoo no tseem hu ua khoom noj khoom haus.
tswvyim
Rau kev kawm tiav ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm biocenotic ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv hauv kev tshawb fawb, lub tswv yim ntawm cov saw khoom noj yog siv. Biology muab nws cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: cov no yog cov kab mob lossis cov kab mob ntawm cov khoom noj sib raug zoo raug txiav txim, thiab txhua qhov txuas yav dhau los hauv cov saw hlau yog khoom noj rau lwm tus.
Links of food chains
Muaj ntau qhov txuas hauv ib qho khoom noj khoom haus.
thawj qhov txuas yog cov neeg tsim khoom, lossis cov neeg tsim khoom. Lawv lub luag haujlwm yog ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag autotrophic, uas nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis hloov lub hnub ci zog rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj bonds.
Qhov txuas thib ob sawv cevcov neeg siv khoom. Cov no suav nrog herbivores (cov neeg siv khoom thawj zaug) thiab carnivores (cov neeg siv khoom thib ob thiab qib siab).
Qhov thib peb txuas yog cov decomposers. Lawv yog cov sawv cev los ntawm cov kab mob uas decompose organic residues rau hauv cov khoom inorganic.
Ecological pyramid
Thaum tsiv ntawm ib qho trophic (kev noj haus) txuas mus rau lwm qhov, ib txwm muaj kaum npaug ntawm cov khoom thiab lub zog. Qhov no suav hais tias yog tus qauv thiab hauv ecology hu ua txoj cai ntawm ecological pyramid.
Cov neeg tsim khoom nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub pyramid. Saum toj no yog cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog cov neeg siv khoom thib ob thiab qib siab. Nyob rau sab saum toj yog predators. Qhov siab ntawm lub pyramid tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Feem ntau nws tsis pub tshaj 4-5 qhov txuas vim qhov txo qis hauv lub zog.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txhua qhov txuas yuav suav nrog ntau hom tsiaj uas pub rau cov zaub mov monotonous. Thiab cov tsiaj uas noj cov zaub mov txawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv cov saw lossis txawm nkag mus rau cov saw sib txawv.
Yam khoom noj khoom haus
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov biocenoses, qee yam ntawm cov saw zaub mov tau sawv cev. Lawv muaj cov npe hauv qab no: dendritic, pasture. Txhua hom muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab pib nrog qee yam kab mob. Yog li, cov saw zaub mov pasture yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov zaub mov uas pib nrog cov nroj tsuag ntsuab muaj peev xwm ntawm photosynthesis. Xws li ib tug saw feem ntau underlies lub biocenosis. Cov hom dendritic pib nrog cov kab mob uas sivtso tawm lub zog thaum lawv ua cov khoom siv pov tseg.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob hauv biocenoses yog qhov nyuaj heev. Feem ntau muaj cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas. Piv txwv li: cov nroj tsuag herbaceous - nas me - tsiaj qus; herbaceous zaub - herbivorous (ungulate) tsiaj - loj predatory tsiaj. Xws li chains sib sau ua ke cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau theem ntawm biocenoses thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov ntawm lawv. Cov kev sib tshuam no yog cov saw zaub mov pasture. Cov piv txwv saum toj no qhia cov kab ke ntawm lub tsev txuas hauv nws.
Cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm trophic hauv biocenosis ua kom nws ruaj khov, muaj zog thiab kev ncaj ncees. Yog tias qhov nyiaj tshuav raug cuam tshuam rau hauv hom (txo nws cov lej raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib kis, tib neeg kev ua haujlwm), uas yog qhov sib txuas hauv cov saw, tag nrho biocenosis tag nrho lossis ib feem puas.
Cov saw zaub mov pasture yog dab tsi? Ib qho piv txwv yog cov hauv qab no: ib tug txiv neej tua nas me me kom khaws nws cov qoob loo. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus tsiaj txhu uas lawv tau ua zaub mov tau tuag vim tsis muaj zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov decomposers pib ua cov txheej txheem me me ntawm cov organic (tuag) seem thiab tsim cov khoom noj tsis txaus. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no nws thiaj li dhau los ua cov nroj tsuag me me vim tsis muaj cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tag nrho biocenosis yuav dhau los ua neeg pluag thiab hloov mus ua lwm hom.
Tsilub reservoir yog ib qho nthuav thiab pom kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus intraasture. Piv txwv li: lub pas dej tau ntxuav, vim tias cov algae thiab zooplankton ploj lawm. Lub txim ntawm qhov no yog extinction ntawm me me ntses uas pub rau lawv. Tom qab ntawd muaj qhov ploj ntawm cov ntses predatory. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob microorganisms, hom kev sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu txo qis, thiab tag nrho cov kab ke cuam tshuam. Kev kho nws yuav tsum muaj sijhawm ntau thiab qee yam xwm txheej.
Yog li, kev sib txuas khoom noj hauv biocenosis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev loj hlob.
