Keeb Kwm ntawm Kievan Rus. Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh

Keeb Kwm ntawm Kievan Rus. Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh
Keeb Kwm ntawm Kievan Rus. Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh
Anonim

Nws xav paub tias Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh, yam tsis muaj kev poob siab, suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Hnub Nyoog. Qhov tseeb, nws yog nws txoj kev kav uas ua tiav lub sijhawm ntawm Kievan Rus. Tab sis Vladimir Monomakh nkag mus rau Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug zoo statesman, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug xav thiab sau ntawv. Lub npe hu ua "Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh" yog suav tias yog ib qho chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias thaum ub.

kev qhia ntawm vladimir monomakh
kev qhia ntawm vladimir monomakh

xyoo sau ntawv tseem tsis tau meej. Qhov tseeb yog qhov sib txawv historians ntaus nqi nws rau cov hnub sib txawv. Qee tus hais tias nws tau sau los ntawm Grand Duke thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, thaum lwm tus pom tias yog vim li cas rau kev sib tham hauv cov ntawv nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, historian Pogodin sib cav hais tias "Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh" tau sau los ntawm tus huab tais ntawm txoj kev mus rau Rostov. Raws li hais hauv tsab ntawv nws tus kheejcov xwm txheej tom qab, tom qab ntawd qhov no, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm nws tus kheej, tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis kev nkag mus lig.

Lwm tus neeg keeb kwm los ntawm lub npe ntawm Shlyakov hnub "Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh" rau 1106. Nws txawm hais tias lub hli thiab hnub: nws yog hnub Friday ntawm thawj lub lim tiam ntawm Great Lent, uas nyob rau hauv 1106 poob rau Lub Ob Hlis 9th. Raws li tus kws sau keeb kwm, xyoo 1117 "Kev qhia" tau rov kho dua los ntawm tus huab tais nws tus kheej.

Memo Central Tswv yim

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Vladimir Monomakh cov lus qhia yog hu rau nws tus kheej cov menyuam yaus thiab txhua tus neeg uas hnov "cov qauv lus no" kom ua raws txhua qhov kev cai ntawm kev cai lij choj feudal, ib txwm coj los ntawm lawv, tsis nco qab txog tus kheej thiab " kev xav rau tsev neeg qia dub." Yog li ntawd, cov lus qhia tsis tau ntau npaum li tsev neeg connotation raws li ib tug social connotation. Wb tham txog qhov ntawd.

lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm vladimir monomakh
lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm vladimir monomakh

Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh hauv luv luv

Ntse

Ib yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv no tuaj yeem hu ua kev sib raug zoo heev ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm autobiography. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias tag nrho cov lus qhia ntawm Grand Duke tau txais kev txhawb nqa tsis yog los ntawm maxims los ntawm phau Vajlugkub, tab sis kuj los ntawm ntau yam piv txwv los ntawm Monomakh tus kheej lub neej.

Cov ntsiab lus

Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv "Kev Qhia" yog lub xeev cov. Tom qab tag nrho, lub luag hauj lwm dawb ceev ntawm Grand Duke yog suav tias yog kev txhawj xeeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm nws lub xeev, rau kev sib koom ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tus tub huabtais yuav tsum ua raws li txhua daim ntawv cog lus thiab lus cog tseg.

Vladimir Monomakh ntseeg tias txhua qhov kev sib cav sib cegtsuas yog undermine lub hwj chim nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag ntawm tag nrho lub xeev. Tib yam uas yuav ua rau lub teb chaws vam meej yog kev thaj yeeb! Yog vim li ntawd nws thiaj yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm ib tus thawj tswj hwm kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.

Lwm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus tub huabtais, raws li Monomakh, yog kev saib xyuas thiab kev txhawj xeeb tas li rau kev txhim kho pawg ntseeg. "Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh" pom zoo kom txhua tus thawj coj uas xav sib sau ua ke nws lub hwj chim, ceev faj thiab saib xyuas "cov pov thawj thiab qib monastic".

kev qhia ntawm vladimir monomakh xyoo sau ntawv
kev qhia ntawm vladimir monomakh xyoo sau ntawv

Tam sim no tus huab tais tsis qhia nws cov me nyuam kom "txuag ntsuj plig" nyob rau hauv monasteries, uas yog, coj lub monastic vows, vim hais tias qhov no yog txawv teb chaws rau ib tug zoo siab thiab muaj zog. Monomakh hu tsuas yog ua raws li kev cai dab qhuas kev cai dab qhuas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev hloov siab lees txim thiab kev faib khoom noj.

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