Prepositions hauv kab lus yog ib feem ntawm kab lus prepositional, qhov twg lawv ua thawj txoj haujlwm. Ib kab lus prepositional yuav tsum muaj lub npe tom qab preposition. Ib kab lus tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ib lub npe lossis los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov lus nyob. Qhov nominal feem yog hu ua prepositional complement. Tsis tas li ntawd, prepositions tuaj yeem ua raws li ib feem hauv cov lus qhia phrasal.
Kev siv prepositions hauv lus Askiv hauv lub rooj
Cov kab lus prepositional tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov lus qhia ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw, khoom, ua kom tiav ntawm cov lus qhia lossis cov lus qhia, thiab txawm tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm ib qho kev kawm. Qee lub sij hawm prepositions ua raws li lub koom haum subordinating rau ib pawg ntawm cov kab lus tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab. Rau kev hais lus muaj peev xwm (thiab sau ntawv), kev siv prepositions hauv lus Askiv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov cai hauv qab no piav qhia txog cov kab lus prepositions thiab prepositional kab lus coj li cas hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej.
Howqhov chaw xwm txheej
Prepositions tuaj yeem qhia lub cev lossis kev paub daws teeb meem (qhov chaw).
- at/ ntawm dot;
- hauv / hauv qee thaj chaw;
- on / ntawm qhov chaw;
- pem hauv ntej /
- near/ze;
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm
Prepositions tuaj yeem siv los txwv lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm ('rau', 'thaum lub sijhawm', los ntawm … mus / txog / txog …) thiab txhais cov ntsiab lus hauv lub sijhawm txheeb ze rau ib leeg (' dhau los', 'ua ntej', ' txij thaum', 'ntawm', 'tom qab', 'hauv').
- Nws nyob ntawm no tau ib hlis.
- Muaj ob lub yeej loj thaum tsov rog / Muaj ob lub yeej loj thaum tsov rog.
- Lawv muaj noj su ntawm ib teev mus txog ob teev /
- Nws qav tuag ib hlis dhau los.
- Peb tau ntsib ua ntej noj su / Peb ntsib ua ntej noj su.
- Nws tau nyob ntawm ntug hiav txwv txij thaum nws tawg nrog nws /
- Nws ua tiav 5 teev / Nws tiav thaum 5 teev.
- Peb yuav tsum nyob tom qab kaum peb caug / Peb yuav tsum nyob tom qab 10:30.
- Peb mam li paub peb hnub tom ntej no.
Siv prepositions hauv lus Askiv nrog cov hnub: 'at' yog siv nrog ntau yam kev cai dab qhuas festivals, 'in' yog siv nrog xyoo, 'on' yog siv nrog hnub ntawm lub lim tiam, tshwj xeeb cov xwm txheej thiab hnub tsis tu ncua.
- at Christmas/ at Christmas; ntawm Easter / ntawm Easter;
- xyoo 2015/ xyoo 2015; nyob rau hauv 2015 / nyob rau hauv 2015; nyob rau hauv nees nkaum thawj sentury / nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-thawj xyoo pua;
- Hnub Saturday / Hnub Saturday; ntawm nws lub tshoob hnub tseem ceeb / ntawm nws lub tshoob hnub tseem ceeb; nyob rau nees nkaum plaub lub kaum hli ntuj / hnub nees nkaum plaub lub kaum hli ntuj.
Siv prepositions hauv lus Askiv nrog lub hlis thiab lub caij: 'hauv', tab sis nrog cov hnub uas lub hli los ua ntej, 'on' yog muab tso rau, xws li cov hnub tsis tu ncua, piv txwv li, 'Lub Kaum Hli 24th'. Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj; thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis / Lub Kaum Hli; Lub Kaum Ib Hlis; in Autumn/Autumn.
As subject
Ib kab lus prepositional tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li cov ntsiab lus: Tawm ntawm lub cim xeeb yog qhov chaw nyab xeeb tshaj plaws los khaws cov ntaub ntawv no.
Raws li kev sib ntxiv ntawm lub npe predicate
Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw nominal predicate, qhov nominal ib feem yog qhia los ntawm ib tug feature los yog lub xeev, ib co adjectives raws li linking verb yuav siv tau nrog los yog tsis muaj ib tug preposition, thiab ib co tsis siv ntawm lawv tus kheej.
- Nws ntshai.
- Nws ntshai nws cov yeeb ncuab / Nws ntshai nws cov yeeb ncuab.
1. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav xav tau qee qhov tshwj xeeb preposition, xws li: /paub txog, siv tau rau, siv rau /.
- Jeremy tau nyob hauv lub tsev lag luam / Jeremy tau nyob hauv tus tub lag luam lub tsev.
- Nws tsis raug rau qhov cua sov.
2. Qee qhov adjectives yuav nyob ib leeg lossis nrogtxawv prepositions nyob ntawm seb hom ntaub ntawv lawv nthuav tawm. Piv txwv li, nrog / lim hiam, tus phooj ywg, tsis zoo /, 'ntawm': yog siv los txuas cov ntsiab lus tsis yog tus kheej thiab cov ntsiab lus xav tau
Nkauj ruam nws mus dhuav dhuav dhuav dhuav dhuav nws mus dhuav dhuav
Txhawm rau txuas tus kheej cov ntsiab lus thiab khoom, tso 'rau':
Nws tsis paub cai rau nws vim li cas tsis muaj qab hau / nws tsis paub cai rau nws vim li cas tsis muaj laj thawj
Kuj siv ib leeg lossis nrog cov lus qhia 'txog' los ua tus yam ntxwv lossis 'nrog' los ua tus cwj pwm: /angry, furious, happy/.
- Nws tseem npau taws rau qhov tshwm sim.
- Koj puas txaus siab rau tus neeg qias neeg no?
3. Lwm yam adjectives siv tau ib leeg lossis nrog cov prepositions tshwj xeeb.
Piv txwv li, nrog 'ntawm' rau:
1) piav qhia vim li cas rau qhov kev xav tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov npe / ntseeg siab, xav tsis thoob, txaus ntshai /;
- Puas yog nws xav tsis thoob rau nws?- Nws txaus ntshai.
2) npe tus cwj pwm zoo (xws li / ntse, paub cai, ruam /).
- Tus ntse ntawm koj!- Kuv muab txoj haujlwm tso tseg, uas yog kuv ruam.
Nrog 'rau' hais txogQib ntawm qhov sib xws (ze, ntsig txog, zoo sib xws), kev sib yuav (sib yuav, koom nrog), loy alty (mob siab, mob siab rau, loyal), qib (junior, senior) nyob rau hauv relation to ib yam dab tsi:
- Kuv cov teeb meem zoo ib yam li koj.- Nws mob siab rau nws txoj haujlwm.
Nrog 'nrog', adjectives xws li /bored, txaus siab, txaus siab /, as well as to say the reason for expressed feeling:
- Muab rau nws lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi nws txaus siab rau qhov tshwm sim.- Nws txaus siab rau nws.
Nrog 'ntawm', tham txog qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv qee yam (xav tsis thoob, xav tsis thoob, xav tsis thoob) lossis muaj peev xwm (phem, zoo, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig):
- Nws xav tsis thoob txog qhov no.- Nws tsis phem ntawm kev seev cev.
Nrog cov preposition 'rau' hais txog tus cwj pwm lossis yam uas tus yam ntxwv muab hais txog (feem ntau, yooj yim, txawv):
- Nws yog ib qho rau lawv.- Oh, tsis muaj dab tsi yooj yim rau kuv.
Ib tug me me ntawm adjectives xaus nyob rau hauv 'ed', uas yog siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab txuas verbs xws li 'be', 'become' los yog 'xav', qhia ib tug commonality nrog transitive verbs thiab feem ntau ua raws li ib tug prepositional nqe lus:
- Cov neeg Brasilians txaus siab rau qhov tshwm sim.
Yog ntxiv rau qhov yooj yim lossis hais lus ua ntej
1. Kev siv cov prepositions hauv lus Askiv yog ntuj rau ntau cov lus qhia uas siv tsis muaj cov khoom ncaj qha. Hais:
- hais txog qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim, 'txog' haum,
- txog kev coj ua - 'ntawm',
- cag los yog lub hom phiaj - 'rau',
- kev sib koom - 'into',
- qhov tseeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv - 'ntawm',
- txog yam koj tuaj yeem tso siab tau - 'ntawm',
- txog tus txais cov ntaub ntawv -'rau',
- txog leej twg pom zoo / tsis pom zoo - 'nrog'.
- Kuv hnov txog cov phiaj xwm kev tawm tsam / Kuv tau hnov txog cov phiaj xwm kev tawm tsam.
- Saib kuv / Saib kuv.
- Lawv nug hep / Lawv thov kev pab.
- Ib tug sheap khiav mus rau hauv lub qhov rooj.
- Xav txog nws…
- Nws nyob ntawm nws.
- Kuv sib cav tsis muaj leej twg.
Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias nrog qee cov lus qhia prepositions tshwm nyob rau hauv tus qauv tandem, thiab nrog rau qee qhov lawv tuaj yeem hloov ib leeg nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov xwm txheej.
Ua ntxiv rau lub npe
Kev siv cov prepositions hauv lus Askiv ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim cov kab lus nrog cov npe uas qhia lawv lub ntsiab lus kom ntxaws. Qee cov lus yog undemanding rau lub preposition uas ua raws li lawv, thiab ib co ib txwm muab ib co tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, cov kab lus prepositional los tom qab lub npe.
- Ob tug ntxhais hnub so tau lom zem hauv pas dejCov ntxhais uas hnub so tau lom zem hauv pas dej.- Ntshai qab nws ua rau nws tig / ntxhi tom qab ua rau nws tig rov qab.
Feem ntau 'ntawm' yog siv tom qab lub npe los qhia ntau yam ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias:
dab tsi yog ua los ntawm lossis muaj;
- …ib phab ntsa.- Ib pob txha ntshai tau nce hauv nws.
hais txog dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham, ntawv, lossis duab;
- Muaj ib daim duab tsov ntxhuav nyob rau hauv phau ntawv xov xwm.
hais txog qhov muaj tus cwj pwm lossis khoom lossis nws qhov kev sib txuas;
- Nws yog tus tub zoo.- Cov ntxhais zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum nraub qaum ntawm lub tsheb.
txog qhov zoo nyob hauv tus cwj pwm lossis yam khoom
- Nws yog ib tug poj niam uas muaj siab mos siab muag.- Lawv ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev sib tw zoo.
Tom qab cov npe ua, 'ntawm' yog siv los qhia cov ntsiab lus lossis cov khoom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim.
- …cov tub ceev xwm tuaj txog.- …kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv lub nroog.
Ua raws cov npe uas sawv cev rau tib neeg ua qhov tshwj xeeb, kab lus prepositional pib nrog 'ntawm' sib txuas lus dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog lossis nws cov hom phiaj.
- cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis- …ib tug kawm lus Askiv.
Qhov no suab zoo dua nrog ob lub npe dua li nrog lub npe thiab kab lus prepositional, piv txwv li 'tub sab hauv txhab nyiaj' es tsis yog ' tub sab ntawm lub txhab nyiaj'.
Ua raws li cov lus ntsuas, qhov preposition 'ntawm' pab qhia cov cim tshwj xeeb:
- … kub hauv lub lauj kaub ntawm 108 degrees.- … ib feem ntawm 30 feem pua.
Tseem 'ntawm' tuaj yeem siv tom qab lub npe los qhia ib tus neeg lub hnub nyoog:
- Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm ntug yim.
Lub preposition 'nrog' yog siv los qhia qee qhov tshwj xeeb, nthuav dav, muaj nyob hauv ib qho khoom lossis tus cwj pwm:
-…tus ntxhais nrog plaub hau liab.- …tus txiv neej nrog rab phom.
Tus preposition 'hauv' tom qab lub npe tso cai rau koj tham txog leej twg hnav / hnav dab tsi:
- …tus me nyuam daj ntseg hauv lub tsho tiv nag.- …tus txiv neej hnav ris tsho tsaus.
Qee lub npe yeej ib txwm nrog los ntawm cov prepositions tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li,
'to' ua raws cov lus: teb, taw qhia, tshuaj tiv thaiv, rov qab:
- tau tshwm sim ntawm kev rov qab mus rau tebchaws Poland / Nws tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev rov qab mus rau tebchaws Poland.
'rau' hauv qab no:vim li cas, hwm, saj:
- Nws xav tau zaub mov loj tuaj mus tas li.
'on' rau: pom zoo, tawm tswv yim, cuam tshuam:
- Nws fad ib tug txaus ntshai rau kuv.
'nrog' lossis 'nruab nrab' rau: kev sib txuas, tiv tauj, txuas:
- Kev sib txuas ntawm lawv yog qhov nyuaj rau pom.
'in' raws cov lus: nyuaj, poob, nce:
- Lawv tsis tau npaj rau kev nyuaj ntawm sab ntawd.
As lus qhia ntxiv
Kev siv cov prepositions hauv lus Askiv raws li ib feem ntawm cov kab lus prepositional yog tso cai, ntxiv rau, nyob rau hauv lub npe predicate raws li ib feem nominal:
- Nws nyob hauv nws lub hnab.
- Nws raug xwm txheej.- Nws tawm tsam nws lub siab nyiam.
Zoo ib yam ntawm cov lus qhia ua lus
Prepositions tuaj yeem nthuav tawm raws li qhov sib cais tsis tau ntawm cov lus qhia hauv plaub qhov sib txuas:
- particle verb,
- verb-particle-object,
- verb-object-particle,
- verb-particle-preposition-object,
- verb-object-particle-prepositional kab lus.
- Cua daj cua dub thaum ib tag hmo.
- Nws txoj kev ntseeg loj hlob ntawm kev ntseeg tsis ncaj ncees.
- 'Hu rau kuv rov qab' Lucy hais / "Hu rau kuv rov qab," Lucy hais. - Lawv khiav tawmnrog rau tag nrho peb cov zaub mov.
- Tsis txhob sim hais tawm ntawm nws.
Yog ib qho ntxiv rau ib qho adjective
Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov paib feem ntau tuaj ua ntej lub npe, qee qhov kev siv prepositions hauv lus Askiv tso cai rau cov lus tso rau tom qab nws, feem ntau nrog rau qhov xwm txheej, 'to'-infinitive minor clause lossis - kab lus prepositional.
- Nov yog lus ceeb toom rau cov neeg mob siab rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig sai.
Tom qab cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws, cov kab lus prepositional tuaj yeem siv los qhia cov pab pawg ntawm cov khoom uas txawv:
- Henry yog tus loj tshaj ntawm lawv.
- ncuav mog qab zib zaum yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. - Nws yog tus txiv neej txaus ntshai tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws.
Raws li kev sib txuas hauv kab lus nyuaj
Qee prepositions muaj tib daim ntawv raws li conjunctions siv los txuas ob clauses, piv txwv li / 'txij thaum', 'txog', 'txog', 'tom qab', 'ua ntej'/.
- Kuv tab tom nrhiav lub sijhawm tshiab txij li kuv paub tias /
