Adjectives thiab adverbs hauv lus Askiv muaj peb theem ntawm kev sib piv: zoo, sib piv thiab superlative. Hauv cov ntsiab lus sib piv, lawv qhia qhov kev ua tiav ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev ntxiv '-er'. Yog tias qhov xaus yog '-e', ces lawv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntxiv '-r'. Nyob rau hauv lub superlative, lawv qhia qhov "apogee" ntawm qhov zoo, nws qhov siab tshaj plaws tshwm sim, piv nrog ib pawg ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws, ntxiv '-est'. Los yog, zoo li hauv cov ntaub ntawv dhau los, yog tias twb muaj '-e' thaum kawg, tsuas yog '-st' tau ntxiv. Yog ib lo lus xaus nrog '-y', nws hloov mus rau '-i'.
Thaum tsab ntawv kawg ntawm ib lub suab nrog ib lub suab ntawm ib qho lus lossis adverb yog tus lej, nws yog ob npaug thaum tsim cov degree nrog cov affixes '-er' thiab '-est'. Prefixes ntxiv es tsis txhob xaus rau polysyllabic adjectives thiab adverbs: ntau rau kev sib piv thiab feem ntau rau superiority.
Qee lo lus tsim qib kev sib piv nrog cov hauv paus hniav sib txawv,Piv txwv li, zoo-> zoo-> qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem coj ob qho tib si qhov kawg thiab cov lus ua ntej (tsis yog ob qho tib si): yooj yim-> simpler-> simplest; yooj yim-> ntau yooj yim-> qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws.
Txoj cai los ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia ua qib sib piv hauv lus Askiv (rooj).
| View | Sib piv Art. | Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg. |
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ib lub suab lub teeb |
… + '-er' | … + '-est' |
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Ib lub suab, nrog '-e' tom kawg kaw |
… + '-r' | … + '-st' |
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Ib lub suab, nrog ib lub suab thiab tus lej kawg hot |
… + acc.-ob + '-er' | … + acc.-ob + ‘-est' |
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Ob lub suab, nrog '-y' tom kawg hnyav |
… ('-y' -> '-i') + '-er' | … ('-y' -> '-i') + '-est' |
| Ob lossis ntau lub suab, adverbs nrog '-ly' | ntau + … | most + … |
|
Ob lub suab, polymorphic zoo siab |
… + '-er' or ntau + … |
… + '-est' or most + … |
Kev kawm tau zoo tsuas yog ib qho kos npe xwb. Txawm hais tias muaj cov lus uas lawv tus kheej txhais tau qee yam me me, piv txwv li, luv / luv, lossis loj -ntev / ntev. Hauv kev sib piv, lawv yuav piav qhia qee yam me me lossis loj dua, raws li, thiab hauv qib superlative, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws lossis qhov loj tshaj plaws.
Lwm kev sib piv
Cov lus piv txwv tsis yog tib txoj hauv kev los sib piv yam ua lus Askiv. Muaj ntau cov kab lus uas koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog sib piv cov khoom (cov ntsiab lus paub daws teeb), tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau ib leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib piv ntawm adjectives hauv lus Askiv, feem ntau, qhia qhov sib txawv. Yuav hais txog qhov zoo sib xws li cas?
As… as
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom lossis cov cim uas muaj qee qhov sib xws, koj tuaj yeem siv cov kab lus xws li… li. Tom qab thawj zaug, nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv dab tsi lub hauv paus lawv zoo sib xws. Qhov kos npe yog qhia los ntawm ib qho lus qhia (cov qib ntawm cov lus Askiv tsis siv nrog qhov kev hloov pauv no), lossis los ntawm cov lus qhia hauv qhov zoo. Tom qab qhov thib ob li, cov khoom lossis pawg ntawm cov khoom uas qhov zoo sib xws tau sau tseg yog qhia tawm. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov khoom siv lub cev lossis lub tswv yim paub daws teeb. Ib yam khoom (ntau yam khoom) qhia siv lub npe, qhov xwm txheej lossis kab lus subordinate.
koj phem li koj tus muam. / Koj phem li koj tus muam.
tshav dav hlau tau neeg coob npaum li ib txwm muaj. / Lub tshav dav hlau tau ntim nrog tib neeg li puas tau.
Kuv zoo li nws. / Kuv zoo li nws.
Cia peb ua tib zoo xyuas kom peb ua tau. / Cia pebpeb yuav tshuaj xyuas kom zoo li peb ua tau.
Raws li, yog tias koj xav kos qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug, uas yog, hais tias qee yam khoom (pab pawg ntawm cov khoom) tsis muaj dab tsi sib xws, koj tuaj yeem tig raws li… li, lossis… li, rau uas cov particle tsis ntxiv.
Cov zaub mov tsis zoo li nag hmo. / Cov zaub mov tsis zoo li nag hmo.
Lawv tsis ntse li lawv pom. / Lawv tsis txawj ntse li lawv zoo li.
Nws tsis laus li kuv xav. / Nws tsis laus li kuv xav.
Txhawm rau kom paub meej txog qib ntawm kev sib txuam lossis tsis sib haum, ib qho lus qhia tuaj yeem muab tso ua ntej qhov kev hloov pauv (qhov no tsis txhais tau tias cov lus siv tau siv rau hauv kev sib piv). Muaj ntau yam lus Askiv uas tuaj yeem ua ntej li… xws li yuav luag, tsuas yog, ze, thiab heev.
Nws yuav luag nrawm li nws tus muam. / Nws yuav luag nrawm li nws tus muam.
Jack tau daj ntseg li ib feeb dhau los. / Jack yog raws nraim li daj ntseg li ib feeb dhau los.
Nws siab npaum li nws siab. / Nws yuav luag siab npaum li nws.
Zoo ib yam li lub tswv yim dhau los, txhawm rau ua qhov tsis zoo sib piv, qhov tsis zoo tsis raug hloov pauv rau cov lus qhia ntxiv.
Qhov khoom tsis yog ze li qhov nyuaj li nws suab. /Nws tsis nyuaj li nws suab.
Chav tsev tsis zoo li qhov lawv xav tau. / Chav tsev feem ntau tsis huv raws li lawv xav tau.
Nyob zoo ib yam
Yog koj hais txog ib yam khoom uas zoo ib yam liqee qhov lwm yam kev kawm lossis zoo ib yam rau nws, koj tuaj yeem siv tib yam li kev hloov pauv, ua raws li pawg npe, lossis ib qho xwm txheej, lossis ib nqe lus subordinate.
Nws hnav ib yam li kuv. /Nws hnav ib yam li kuv.
Auj, tau kawg, lawv tau hais ib yam li ib lub lim tiam dhau los. /Auj meej, lawv hais tib yam uas lawv tau hais ib lub lim tiam dhau los.
Nws zoo ib yam li nws tau ua nag hmo. / Nws ntsia ib yam li nag hmo.
Yog koj hais txog tej yam zoo sib xws los yog tib lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem siv lawv los ua cov ntsiab lus thiab tshem tawm kom tau tib yam.
Kid fashions zoo ib yam thoob lub tebchaws. / Menyuam yaus style yeej ib yam thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws.
theem pib ntawm kev kawm lus feem ntau yog tib yam rau ntau tus menyuam kawm ntawv. / Thawj theem ntawm kev kawm ib hom lus feem ntau yog tib yam rau ntau tus menyuam kawm ntawv.
Thiab ua ntej tib yam li, thiab ua ntej tib cov lus qhia, xws li yuav luag, raws nraim, xwb.
Nws ua raws nraim li Miriam ua. / Nws ua raws nraim li Miriam.
Koj ob leeg zoo ib yam. /Koj ob leeg zoo ib yam.
Thaum ib pab pawg neeg tuaj tam sim tom qab kab lus tib yam, qhov hloov pauv tsis tseem ceeb, nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm.
Peb mus txog qhov siab tib yam nkaus xwb. / Peb mus txog qhov siab tib yam.
Tus tau pleev xim ib yam li cov ntaiv. / Cov phab ntsa tau pleev xim tib yam xim raws li cov ntaiv.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg
Ib qho piv txwv tsis haum rau kev sib piv cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws. Hauv lus Askiv, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev sib piv rau cov ntaub ntawv no - muab cov lus sib txuas xws li be, xav, saib lossis zoo li nrog lo lus zoo li thaum pib ntawm kab lus.
Zoo li npau suav. /Zoo li npau suav.
Tab sis peb tseem zoo li menyuam yaus. / Tab sis peb tseem zoo li menyuam yaus.
Nws zoo li tus neeg ua yeeb yam. / Nws zoo li tus actress.
Txhua lub tsev hauv lub zos zoo li lub tsev loj. / Txhua lub tsev nyob hauv kev sib hais haum zoo li lub tsev loj.
Nws tso cai tso qee cov lus qhia ua ntej nyiam. Piv txwv li, me ntsis, me ntsis, raws nraim, heev.
Nws zoo nkaus li zoo li lwm qhov tig. / Nws zoo li lwm tus tig.
Ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, nws yog ib tus nyiam kuv tshaj. / Ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, nws zoo li kuv tshaj plaws.
Thaum cov khoom ntawm cov nqe lus uas yog los yog nyiam yog cov lus, nws yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv cov khoom lossis cov ntaub ntawv muaj.
Nws yog ib tug ntse li Jane. / Nws ntse li Jane.
Lub tsheb ntawd zoo ib yam li nyob hauv lub tiaj ua si. /Ntawm no yog lub tsheb tib yam li hauv lub tiaj ua si.
Tsawg thiab tsawg
Tseem kuj muaj cov qauv sib piv, uas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus rau lub hwj chim ntau dua thiab feem ntau, uas qhia cov qib ntawm cov lus Askiv. Cov ntawv sau ua ke cais no yog siv rau hauv thawj qhov tsuas yog nrog cov lus sib xyaw thiab cov lus qhia thiab qhia qhov qhab nia lossis qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog li ntawd, tsawg dua inverts qhov kev sib piv adjective hauv lus Askiv, thiab tsawg kawg inverts tus superlative.
Maby, nws tsis muaj hmoo dua kuv. / Tej zaum nws yuav muaj hmoo tsawg dua kuv.
Yog li cas yog nws yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm?
Michael pom nws tsawg dua li nws tau siv. / Michael pom nws tsawg dua li niaj zaus.
Yog li, hauv lus Askiv koj tuaj yeem:
1) qhia tus yam khoom lossis kev ua haujlwm siv tus yam ntxwv;
2) piv;
3) cais tawm ntawm ntau qhov zoo sib xws.
Koj tuaj yeem qhia txog lawv tus txheeb ze / tsis yog tus kheej siv cov lus zoo li… li, tib yam thiab nyiam.
