Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy ib zaug hais qhov tseeb: "Zoo thiab muaj zog yog lus Lavxias." Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li nyuaj rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws. Tseeb tiag, hais txog cov lus, Lavxias teb sab yog ib hom lus nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab txawm tias cov kws tshawb fawb siv sijhawm ntau xyoo los paub nws cov qauv sau ntawv thiab cov cim.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav txheeb xyuas lub ntsiab lus ntawm homogeneous cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus (OCHP), uas yog lawv lub tswv yim, cov cai ntawm kev siv thiab cov cim cim uas siv rau qhov no. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, peb yuav nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov homogeneous predicate yog dab tsi thiab nws ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
NPV yog dab tsi
Cov kab lus hauv Lavxias tau muab faib ua qhov yooj yim thiab nyuaj (nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus kab ke sib txuas), ib feem thiab ob ntu (los ntawm qhov muaj ob qho kev kawm thiab cov lus qhia), nrog rau ntau thiab tsis yog. (los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov tswv cuab thib ob). Lub hav zoov ntawm xws li ib tug nplua nuj syntax tso cai rau tsim ib tug multifaceted complex qauv thiab txawv style ntawm prose. Thiab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, raws li ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim ntawm semantic load, ib tus tuaj yeemsiv cov kab lus nrog homogeneous predicates, cov ntsiab lus, ntxiv, txhais lossis xwm txheej: lawv tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab ua kom luv. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom haum cov lus qhia ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv me me.
Parse
Ua piv txwv, koj tuaj yeem ua kab lus nrog homogeneous predicates: "Thaum so, cov menyuam yaus ntaus suab paj nruag, hu nkauj thiab seev cev." Nws yog qhov yooj yim, ob feem, dav thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tsis heaped nrog cov lus extraneous. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas ua rau nws nyuaj yog homogeneous predicates, qhia los ntawm verbs nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau tshaj plaws ntawm lub yav dhau los tense thiab kev cob cog rua los ntawm cov cim cim thiab ib tug union "thiab". Yog li, es tsis txhob siv cov kab lus nyuaj ("Thaum lub sijhawm so, qee cov menyuam yaus ntaus suab paj nruag, lwm tus hu nkauj, thiab so seev cev"), peb tuaj yeem siv cov qauv sib txuam, khaws cov ntaub ntawv tib yam. Ntawm no, hauv luv luv, peb piav qhia tias homogeneous predicate yog dab tsi, thiab nws lub luag haujlwm yog dab tsi hauv kab lus. Tam sim no xav txog yuav ua li cas siv nws hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
Txoj kev xav
Cov tswv cuab homogeneous yog cov uas xa mus rau tib lo lus, teb cov lus nug tib yam thiab ua haujlwm tib yam hauv kab lus (subject / predicate / xwm txheej / khoom / txhais). Piv txwv li, "Nyob rau hauv lub rooj yog lub COMPUTER, RADIO, GLOBE, ib qho khoom ua si CAR thiab ib tug elegant STATUE." Tag nrho tsib lo lus tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm qhov ua ntej thiab teb cov lus nug dav dav "Puas muajdab tsi?" - "lub computer, xov tooj cua, ntiaj teb, tshuab ntaus ntawv thiab daim duab." Nws tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov tswv cuab homogeneous tuaj yeem sib cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke (ib zaug lossis rov ua dua) lossis cov cim cim, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau nrog suav nrog intonation. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem no yog siv los piav qhia txog cov khoom muaj sia lossis cov khoom siv, pab kom tau txais lub tswv yim txog nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv txiav txim siab qhov tshwj xeeb style ntawm lub tswv yim. Yog li, homogeneous predicates muab cov ntawv dynamism: "Dima txawm khiav, ces dawm, tom qab ntawd rov ua kom nrawm dua, txiav txim siab txeeb yeej los ntawm nws cov neeg sib tw."
Morphology thiab cim cim
Tam sim no cia peb mus saib seb qhov homogeneous predicate yog dab tsi. Namely: yuav ua li cas nws thiaj li qhia tau, thiab cov cim cim yog siv rau qhov no. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws yog siv cov tswv cuab homogeneous ntawm kab lus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, sib cais los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev sib txuas lossis cov cim cim.
Piv txwv li, "Nyob rau ntawm tog neeg sawv daws sib tham, luag, tso dag thiab seev cev." Cov lus pom zoo no tuaj yeem ua kom nyuaj dua los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv cov ntsiab lus homogeneous. Nws hloov tawm: "Nyob rau hauv lub party, txhua leej txhua tus tau sib tham nrog ib leeg, luag nrov nrov, tso dag fervently thiab seev cev rau pop music." Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ib lo lus dav dav (ib lo lus cais uas tau teev tseg thiab teev los ntawm ntau tus tswv cuab homogeneous, thaum nws hais txog tag nrho cov lus ntawm cov koob no, teb ib lo lus nug nrog lawv thiab ua tib tus tswv cuab ntawm kab lus). Piv txwv li, "Nyob rau ntawm tog neeg txhua tus tau tham, luag, tso dag, seev cev -Hauv lwm lo lus, muaj kev lom zem. " Ntawd yog, yog hais tias lo lus generalizing yog tom qab ib tug xov tooj ntawm homogeneous tswv cuab, ces ib tug khiav ceev yog muab tso ua ntej nws. Thiab yog tias nws nyob rau ntawm qhov pib ntawm kab ("Txhua tus neeg muaj kev lom zem ntawm tog: lawv sib tham, luag, tso dag thiab seev cev"), ces ib tug nyuv muab tso rau tom qab nws.
Note
Feem ntau, peb pom tias homogeneous predicate yog dab tsi, nws lub luag haujlwm nyob rau hauv kab lus yog dab tsi, thiab cov cim cim nws yog dab tsi uas tsis muaj thiab nrog cov lus dav dav. Tam sim no nws tseem tsuas yog txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb, uas yog: yuav ua li cas kom paub txog cov tswv cuab sib txawv thiab homogeneous ntawm kab lus. Qhov teeb meem yog tias lawv tuaj yeem hais tau los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus thiab txawm tias cov kab lus thiab cov kab lus sib txawv. Piv txwv li, "Peter nteg txhua hnub, pw, noj, taug kev thiab saib TV - hauv ib lo lus, nws tuav lub thoob." Los yog "Ani cov plaub hau loj hlob du, ci, nrog funny curls ncig nws pob ntseg."
Koj yuav tsum paub qhov txawv cov lus rov qab los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus (Txiv yog tso dag, thiab cov me nyuam LAUGHED, LAUGHED, LAUGHED), zoo tib yam cov ntaub ntawv sib cais los ntawm cov "tsis" particle (NEEJ TSIS TXAUS SIAB, tab sis nws hlub koj), tsis tu ncua lem (tsis ntses tsis nqaij, tsis FLUSH los yog plaub, tsis muab los yog noj, thiab lwm yam) thiab compound predicates, qhia los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm ob verbs (Kuv yuav mus saib, cia kuv ua, kuv yuav noj thiab QHIA). Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej saum toj no, cov lus hauv qab yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm kab lus!
