Ricinoleic acid yog ib qho derivative ntawm castor roj. Cov khoom siv dav siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, thiab qee qhov ntawm nws cov khoom tau cog lus rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab. Hauv cosmetology, kua qaub yog siv los ua ib qho kev nyab xeeb ntxiv uas ua haujlwm ntau yam.
Kev piav qhia
Ricinolic (12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic) acid yog hais txog cov organic unsaturated fatty hydroxy acids ntawm aliphatic series. Qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom yog 0.945 g / cm 3 (ntawm 25 ° C). Nws yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim viscous, insoluble hauv dej. Nws kub taw tes yog 226 ° C (ntawm atmospheric siab).
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)5CH (OH) CH 2CH=CH (CH2)7COOH. Lub molecule tsuas muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus tsis txaus.
Triglycerides ntawm ricinoleic acid, tsim los ntawm nws cov residues, yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov roj castor (txog 85%). Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, cov tshuaj no kuj tsim nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub enzymatic oxidation ntawm oleic acid.
Ricinoleicacid: yam khoom
Vim nws cov qauv, cov kua qaub yog tshuaj lom neeg. Nws koom nrog hauv pyrolysis, hydrolysis, txheej txheem kom tau txais macromolecular tebchaw, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus tshiab intercarbon hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov khoom siv organic. Nrog alkali thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau, cov kua qaub tsim cov ntsev (ricinoleates). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov khoom ntawm olefins - ethylene hydrocarbons.
Acid muaj cov nyhuv hauv qab no rau lub cev tsiaj:
- painkillers;
- anti-inflammatory;
- bactericidal;
- regenerating;
- immunostimulatory.
Y
Ricinoleic acid tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm xiav-ntsuab algae.
Tau txais
Cov tshuaj tau los ntawm cov roj castor hauv ob txoj hauv kev:
- Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm alkaline hydrolysis ua raws li crystallization los ntawm methanol los yog acetone ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (kom huv cov kua). Cov roj molecules tau tawg ua glycerol thiab fatty acids.
- Fractional distillation tom qab hydrolysis.
Technical castor roj yog tsim los ntawm txias nias cov noob ntawm castor taum, ib tsob nroj los ntawm tsev neeg Euphorbiaceae. Ricinoleic acid, cov mis uas muaj ib pawg hydroxyl, tso cai rau lub cev qhuav dej (lub cev qhuav dej) ntawm "cov roj castor" yam tsis muaj oxidation, lossis huab cua huv.
Ua tsaug rau qhov noThaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem, cov roj tau txais lub peev xwm kom qhuav, tsim ib zaj duab xis thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev xav tau. Factory yield yog li ntawm 75%. Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm tseem tab tom ua hauv kev ua liaj ua teb los tsim cov ntawv taum castor nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm ricinoleic acid.
Derivatives
Ricinoleic acid yog cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom xws li:
- Heptylaldehyde.
- Sebacic, ricinelaidic, undecylenic, polyricinoleic thiab azelaic acids.
- 2-octanol (caprylic cawv).
- Ntau ntsev, kua qaub sulfates.
Industrial applications
Cov khoom siv yog siv hauv kev lag luam hauv qab no:
- tshuaj;
- pharmaceutical;
- khoom noj khoom haus;
- xab npum-ua;
- printing;
- metalworking;
- optical fiber ntau thiab lwm yam.
Cov khoom lag luam hauv qab no raws li ricinoleic acid yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom:
- epoxy (hnav thiab corrosion resistant coatings);
- glycols (rau cov kuab tshuaj, cov yas, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, esters, polyurethanes);
- chlorohydrins (cov kuab tshuaj rau cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, kev tsim cov khoom siv polymeric);
- lubricants (raws li cov roj castor);
- cov ntaub ntawv pleev xim (cov roj linseed, kua roj vanish, xim, enamels);
- raw khoom raukev tsim cov yas uas muaj zog heev.
Cov ntsev ntau tshaj yog siv rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- Sodium ricinoleate, uas yog cov khoom siv quav ciab, yog ib qho emulsifier hauv kev tsim cov vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate; dispersant thiab lubricant hauv kev lag luam textile.
- Lithium ricinoleate (khoom muab tshuaj txhuam) yog cov thickener rau roj.
- tooj liab ricinoleate (cov khoom siv quav ciab) - xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, aseptic ua cov hlua, cov ntaub ntawv ntoo, textiles.
- Magnesium ricinoleate yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li qub rau roj av.
Tshuaj thiab cosmetology
Ntxiv rau qhov zoo li saum toj no, acid muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- siab nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg nyob;
- emulsifying zog, dissolution ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lawv xa los ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias;
- cytotoxicity rau degenerate hlwb;
- muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa cov tshuaj endogenous prostaglandins.
Thaum tiv tauj nrog cov mucous daim nyias nyias, cov tshuaj yuav pib ua rau khaus, tab sis nrog rau lub sijhawm ntev nws muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ricinoleic acid yog siv los kho cov epithelium puas nyob rau hauv dermatology, gynecology, urology thiab ophthalmology. Raws li kev tshawb fawb, nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob tom qab myocardial infarction, vim tias nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev cuam tshuam rau coronary endothelium.
Zinc ricinoleate yog siv los ua tus ntxhiab tsw. Cov tshuaj no ntxiv rau deodorants, sticks thiab ko taw cream. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- tsis tiv thaiv lub ntuj evaporation ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- muaj cov kab mob bactericidal thiab antifungal;
- muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw muaj zog.
Hauv cosmetology thiab tsim cov tshuaj hauv tsev, ricinoleic acid kuj pom cov ntawv thov hauv qab no:
- xab npum;
- ntxiv ua emollient rau cov plaub hau thiab cov khoom tu tawv nqaij;
- Taw qhia rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce kom ruaj khov nws cov tshuaj lom neeg.
