Polyacrylic acid yog ib qho tshwj xeeb polymer uas muaj peev xwm nqus dej siab. Cov tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj zog, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom tu cev thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, nrog rau cov khoom siv hauv tshuaj. Polyacrylates (acid ntsev), uas tau txhim kho lub cev thiab lub zog, muaj qhov dav dua.
Kev piav qhia
Polyacrylic acid yog ib yam khoom macromolecular, chav tsev monomeric uas yog cov compound CH2=CH-COOH (acrylic lossis propenoic, ethenecarboxylic acid). Cov polymer no tsis muaj tshuaj lom, dej solubility zoo thiab siab alkali tsis kam.
Cov tshuaj formula ntawm polyacrylic acid yog (C2H3COOH) . Cov qauv qauv ntawm qhov sib xyaw yog qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Polyacrylic acid yog ib qho tsis muaj zog polyacid. Nws cov macromolecules muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas muaj peev xwm ua taurau electrolytic dissociation. Nws zoo nkaus li cov kua ntshiab amber lossis dawb granular hmoov.
Properties
Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb ntawm polyacrylic acid yog:
- Qhov kub ntawm cov polymer no ua cov khoom, hla lub crystallization theem (iav lub xeev) - 106 ° C.
- Thaum rhuab, anhydrides raug tsim, thiab yog tias qhov kub siab tshaj 250 ° C, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm carbon dioxide tshem tawm los ntawm pawg carboxyl - COOH pib, nrog rau kev sib txuas ntawm macromolecules, uas ua rau kev tsim. ntawm cov polymers ntawm cov qauv spatial thiab nce qib ntawm polymerization.
- Ntshav ntawm cov polymer no muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua thermal. Cov cuab yeej no yog siv los tsim muaj zog polyacrylic acid grafted fibers.
- Thaum cuam tshuam nrog alkalis (C2H3COOH) cov ntsev, hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cawv - esters.
- Tom qab polymerization hauv cov kuab tshuaj, cov polymer ua nyuaj thiab nkig thiab khaws cov khoom zoo txawm tias qhov kub ntawm 240 ° C.
- Thaum qis molecular hnyav cawv hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub no, esters ntawm cov qauv sib txawv tau txais.
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov polymer tshwm sim ntawm qhov qis heev ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm (tsuas yog 0.1% ethylene glycol yuav tsum tau hla-txuas molecules nrog qhov loj ntawm 50 kDa).
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm polyacrylic acid yog thaumKev nce hauv qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov khoom siv polymer kuj ua rau cov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm macromolecules thiab lawv cov nyhuv ntawm dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov kev siv shear stress thiab yog tus nqi tas li tshaj qhov kev ntsuas dav, sib piv rau lwm cov polyelectrolyte polymers. Thaum cov acidity ntawm cov tshuaj hloov pauv, polyacrylic acid fibers tau txais kev cog lus lossis elongation raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj siv zog rau hauv lub zog siv tshuab.
Solubility
(C2H3COOH) dissolves zoo nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- dej;
- diethylene dioxide;
- methyl thiab ethyl cawv;
- Formic acid amide;
- dimethylformamide.
Aqueous tov ntawm polyacrylic acid muaj cov nyhuv polyelectrolyte (muaj peev xwm ntawm electrolytic dissociation), uas nce linearly nrog nce qib ntawm neutralization.
Cov tshuaj yog insoluble hauv cov tebchaw xws li:
- acrylic acid monomer;
- acetone;
- ethoxyethane;
- hydrocarbons.
Nrog cov tshuaj cationic thiab surfactants, cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev insoluble.
Tau txais
Synthesis ntawm polyacrylic acid yog ua los ntawm polymerization ntawm monomer. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim hauv qhov nruab nrab aqueous, qhov twg tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas ntxiv, lossis hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic. Kev sib xyaw feem ntau yog nqa tawm hauv lub tshuab paddle reactor thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom sivtxias rau 70 ° C nrog kua refrigerant. Cov khoom kawg yog gel - hydrophilic polymer uas nquag nqus dej noo.
Cov kua qaub ruaj khov dua tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev ua ntawm hydrogen peroxide thiab ntxiv me me ntawm para-dihydroxybenzene nrog sodium thioglycolate, siv los tswj qhov hnyav molecular. Cov khoom kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv hauv kev kho hniav.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm polyacrylic acid
Cov khoom siv no yog siv dav tshaj plaws los ua cov khoom siv superabsorbent (kom ntes thiab khaws cov kua) hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus cov ntaub qhwv, cov ntaub so ntswg, cov ntaub so ntswg pov tseg thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws.
Lwm thaj chaw uas siv polyacrylic acid yog:
- kev ua liaj ua teb yog cov khoom siv txhim kho av;
- kev lag luam - stabilizers thiab flocculants ntawm colloidal daws;
- tanning thiab textile ntau lawm - tshuaj los txo cov hluav taws xob hauv tawv hnav thiab fiber ntau;
- electronics - txuas cov khoom hauv lithium-ion roj teeb;
- kev lag luam - hauv cov tshuab cua txias thiab cua txias ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tso nyiaj thiab homogeneity tivthaiv (cov nroj tsuag fais fab, steel thiab roj refineries, chiv).
Cov tshuaj no kuj yog siv los ua ib qho ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab uas txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm los ua xim thiab ua rawsnrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
Tshuaj
Acid thiab nws cov ntsev yog siv hauv tshuaj rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- carrier of active tshuaj;
- ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj pleev hemostatic, cov ntaub qhwv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis-woven siv rau kev kub hnyiab thiab mob kom nrawm qhov txhab kho;
- binder hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau hauv kev kho hniav.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv no yog tias nws muaj kev lom zem thiab tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj bioactive (enzymes, tshuaj tua kab mob, yam loj hlob, thiab lwm yam).
YPolyacrylates
Cov ntsev ntawm polyacrylic acid yog cov polymers ntawm esters ntawm cov tshuaj no. Nyob rau hauv tsos, lawv zoo li paraffins. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- resistance rau diluted alkalis thiab acids, lub teeb thiab oxygen;
- decomposition nrog alkali daws tau pom ntawm qhov kub ntawm 80-100 ° C, nrog kev tsim ntawm polyacrylic acid;
- thaum rhuab siab tshaj 150 ° C, lawv raug kev puas tsuaj thermal, polyacrylate molecules crosslink, monomer (kwv yees li 1%) thiab cov khoom tsis hloov pauv tau raug tso tawm;
- polyacrylates yog cov soluble hauv monomers, ethers, hydrocarbons thiab acetone.
Cov ntsev ntawm polyacrylic acid yog tsim los ntawm emulsion los yog ncua kev kawm ntawv polymerization, nyob rau hauv me me scale ntau lawm los ntawm block polymerization.
Kev siv cov polyacrylates
Cov tshuaj no yog siv los tsim cov khoom hauv qab no:
- organic iav;
- vim movie;
- synthetic fibers;
- cov ntaub ntawv pleev xim (enamels, varnishes, resins);
- adhesive thiab impregnating compositions (emulsions) rau ntaub, ntawv, tawv, ntoo.
Y
Varnishes raws li polyacrylates muaj kev ua haujlwm siab:
- siab adhesion rau hlau thiab ntxeem tau nto;
- zoo nkauj zoo nkauj;
- dej, UV, huab cua, alkali resistant;
- ntev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj (ci thiab elasticity) - mus txog 10 xyoo.
Lawv yog siv los zas cov khoom xws li:
- tsheb, dav hlau thiab lwm yam khoom siv;
- sorted hlau;
- plastics;
- khoom luam ntawv;
- khoom lag luam hluav taws xob;
- kev lag luam khoom noj (tsim cov kaus poom).
Sodium polyacrylate
Sodium polyacrylate yog soluble hauv dej thiab tsis hloov nws cov qauv txawm nyob ntawm 240 ° C. Cov tshuaj no yog siv rau hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj tshiab los yog ntsev kom txo lawv cov viscosity. Sodium polyacrylate muaj peev xwm emulsify microcrystals, microsand los ntawm carbonates, sulfates thiab phosphates.
Cov khoom siv yog siv hauv kev lag luam hauv qab no:
- roj kev lag luam - drilling kua dej;
- tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam - kev tsim khoomdetergents, dag dag, thiab kuj yog ib tug thickener rau cov xim thiab varnishes;
- kev ua liaj ua teb - chiv ntau lawm;
- paper thiab pulp kev lag luam - tsim cov ntaub so ntswg, ntaub so ntswg;
- tsim khoom huv si.
Drilling kua formulated nrog cov compound no muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
- low ntom;
- fineness;
- zoo acid solubility yuav tsum tau thaum drilling hauv;
- kub tiv taus (txog 240 ° C);
- kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig.
Cosmetology
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce, sodium polyacrylate yog siv los ua cov thickener hauv kev tsim cov khoom xws li:
- hairspray;
- shower gels;
- zawv plaub hau;
- ntsej muag ntsej muag;
- bath ua npuas ncauj.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ntxiv no yog qhov tseeb tias txhua qhov me me ntawm sodium polyacrylate swells hauv dej thiab tsim kom muaj kev xav ntawm velvety thiab smoothness ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txij li cov khoom muaj cov qauv zoo li silicone zoo li elastomeric, nws yog cov khoom siv zoo. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce nrog nws qhov sib ntxiv yog tias lawv tsis nplaum, lawv tuaj yeem muab matte lossis satin tshwm sim. Qee lub tuam txhab ntxiv sodium polyacrylate rau cov xim pleev xim.
