Tom qab kev ua tsov ua rog Russo-Swedish, kev thaj yeeb kav ntawm Russia thiab Sweden, ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev kos npe ntawm Friedrichsham Peace Treaty nyob rau hauv 1809. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov laj thawj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm Russo-Swedish Tsov rog, ib tug yuav tsum plunge rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Russia. Dab tsi ua rau qhov xav tau los xaus Friedrichsham Peace Treaty?
French Revolution
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais tias ib qho ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Fabkis Revolution ntawm 1789-1799. Lub hwj chim hauv Fabkis tau txeeb los ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte. Lub xyoo ua ntej kev hloov pauv tau ua phem rau cov neeg. Cov se ntau dua, nyiaj tsawg, dej qhuav, sau qoob me me, kev txom nyem - tag nrho cov no tau yuam Fabkis kom ua kev ntsuas hnyav thiab rhuav tshem tsoomfwv.
Tom qab ntawd Napoleon Bonaparte tshwm sim. Nws tau tawm tsam qhov kev tsis lees paub txog kev ywj pheej ywj pheej. Lub kiv puag ncig tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub motto: "Kev ywj pheej. Kev sib npaug. Kwv tij". Nws qhov tshwm sim yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm feudal system, tshem tawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov cai ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv.vaj tse, kev rhuav tshem ntawm huab tais thiab tsim ib lub koom pheej. Cov kev cai tshiab no tau sib npaug rau txhua tus neeg hauv txoj cai, lees paub thiab tiv thaiv qhov tsis raug ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm txhua tus pej xeem.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Fabkis Revolution tsis yog qhov nyiam ntawm cov xeev hauv Tebchaws Europe. Lub taub hau ntawm Prussia, England, Sweden thiab Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws txiav txim siab los tsim ib tug coalition uas yuav tawm tsam Napoleon.
Tom qab ntawd, Bonaparte cov legions tau tawm tsam Prussia thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees xyoo 1806. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog UK. Tab sis England yog ib lub zog muaj zog heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic tau muab lub xeev muaj kev tiv thaiv qee yam. Tom qab ntawd Napoleon tau hais kom ua kom lub teb chaws tiv thaiv. Tab sis rau kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Askiv, nws yuav tsum tau ntes Russia ib yam nkaus, vim tias lub teb chaws Ottoman yog ib tus phooj ywg ntawm Great Britain thiab yog ib lub xeev muaj zog tshaj plaws.
Yog li kev tsov rog nrog Napoleon hauv Tebchaws Europe txhawm rau txeeb lub tebchaws Lavxias tau ua nruj dua, thiab Askiv tsis maj nrawm los pab cov phoojywg. Tsar Alexander kuv sim daws qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws xa Tub Vaj Ntxwv Lobanov-Rostovsky, tau tso cai kos npe rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Napoleon lees txais qhov kev thov. Daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe.
Tilsit Peace Treaty
Tsis ntev, xyoo 1807, Alexander kuv thiab Bonaparte tau ntsib tus neeg. Qhov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim ntawm ib lub nkoj hauv Neman River. Cov thawj coj tau pom zoo ua haujlwm ua ke thiab tuav lub tebchaws Askiv. Lawv tau kos npe rau Treaty of Tilsit.
Daim ntawv cog lus tshiab Tilsit kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tau faib thaj chaw ntawm Tebchaws Europe ua ob ntu, uas tom qab ua tsov rog yuav raugua subordinate rau lub xeev. Nws kuj tau lees tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv Bonaparte cov lus thov rau thaj chaw ntawm Ionian Islands, kev pab tiv thaiv Lavxias kev txaus siab hauv Turkey, Russia lees paub ntawm Confederation ntawm Rhine, thiab kev sib koom ua tub rog ntawm cov xeev.
Rau qhov ua tiav ntawm nws cov luag haujlwm, Napoleon tau tso tseg. Tab sis lub xeev Lavxias pom nws tus kheej tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tebchaws qub.
Start of the Russo-Swedish War
Nyob rau xyoo 1807, raws li Treaty of Tilsit, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws pib ua tub rog tawm tsam Askiv. Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kev pom zoo yog qhov tsis kam lees txais cov nkoj Askiv nyob rau hauv cov chaw nres nkoj Lavxias.
Tab sis thaj chaw ntawm Gulf of Finland kuj yog rau Sweden, uas yog ib tus phooj ywg ntawm Askiv. Denmark kuj muaj thaj chaw qhov hluav taws xob rau lub bay. Tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Askiv ntawm Copenhagen thiab tub sab ntawm nws cov flotilla, lub teb chaws tsis kam lees qhov kev thov ntawm Alexander kuv kom kaw lub Swedish harbors rau lub British, sib cav hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv ib tug ua tau nres los ntawm Fabkis fleet, uas yog nyob rau hauv Russia ports. Qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm ob lub tebchaws ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tso cai rau cov nkoj Askiv tau ua rau muaj kev tsov rog los tswj Gulf of Finland thiab Botany. Russia yuav tsum tau nce siab tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv St. Petersburg.
Lub Ob Hlis 9, 1808, cov tub rog Lavxias tau nkag mus rau thaj chaw Finland hauv Helsingfors. Cov tub rog Swedish uas nyob hauv lub tebchaws thaum lub sijhawm tau thim rov qab.
Kev pib ua tsov rog pib txij lub Peb Hlis 16, 1808, thaum huab tais Swedish, tau kawm txog kev tawm tsam, tau txiav txim kom muab tag nrho cov tub rog Lavxias raug ntes. Ntxiv musKev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav pib rau thaj tsam ntawm Finland.
Tom tau ntes cov tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv Finnish Aland Islands, uas tau qhib kev nkag mus rau Swedish ntug dej hiav txwv, Russia pib yeej ntau heev. Nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej, Swedish Duke ntawm Südermanland tau xa ib tus neeg xa xov mus rau cov neeg Lavxias nrog lub tswv yim los xaus qhov kev sib tw Aland. Muaj tsuas yog ib qho xwm txheej: qhov kawg ntawm kev ua phem, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog Lavxias tsis nkag mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub xeev Swedish. Tus yeeb ncuab pom zoo.
Tab sis xyoo 1809 hauv Sweden, tus kwv yau ntawm Duke of Südermanland tau tuav lub hwj chim, thiab kev sib haum xeeb tau tawg. Tus vajntxwv tshiab tau fij tseg kom ua ntej, tiv thaiv thaj chaw ntawm cov Islands tuaj. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb no tau ua rau qhov yuav tsum tau kos npe rau Friedrichsham Peace Treaty. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tub rog Swedish tsis tau npaj txaus los ua kev ua tub rog ntev. Cov tub rog legions sai sai poob lawv txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua vim tsis muaj khoom noj thiab khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab ntawd tus tub txib Lavxias Sandels raug xa mus rau Swedes, tso cai los xaus qhov kev sib tw, uas tau txais los ntawm sab nraud.
Sau npe ntawm Friedrichsham Treaty
Nyob rau xyoo 1809, lub Cuaj Hlis 17, Friedrichsham Peace Treaty ntawm Russia thiab Sweden tau kos npe hauv nroog Friedrichsgam.
Los ntawm sab ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, Txawv Teb Chaws Minister Rumyantsev thiab Ambassador Alopeus tuaj.
Muaj ib tug general los ntawm sab ntawm lub xeev SwedishInfantry - Baron von Stedingk, Colonel Scheldebrandt.
Cov Lus Pom Zoo
Cov nqe lus ntawm Friedrichsham Peace Treaty suav nrog cov luag haujlwm hauv qab no ntawm cov teb chaws siv:
- kos tus ciam teb tshiab raws lub txaj ntawm tus Dej Tornio;
- thaj chaw ntawm Aland Islands tuaj rau Russia;
- Sweden thiab Fabkis xaus qhov kev pom zoo kev thaj yeeb rau kev nkag ntawm Sweden thiab Finland mus rau sab av loj thaiv tebchaws Askiv.
Result of the contract
Finland tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws raws li kev ywj pheej Grand Duchy ntawm Finland nrog nws tus kheej txoj cai. Yog li, ua tsaug rau kev kos npe ntawm Friedrichsham Peace Treaty, Finland tau muab rau Russia.
Nyob rau xyoo 1920, daim ntawv cog lus tshiab ntawm Tartu tau kos npe ntawm RSFSR thiab Finland nrog cov xwm txheej uas Russia lees paub kev ywj pheej ntawm lub xeev Finnish.
