Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Ottoman Empire thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los tau ntau pua xyoo tau nyuaj heev, thiab feem ntau kev nom kev tswv tsis sib haum xeeb tau daws nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog tau muab los ntawm qhov xaus ntawm kev cog lus. Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau txiav txim siab txoj hmoo ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm ob lub tebchaws. Ntawm lawv yog Adrianople Peace Treaty.
Prehistory (18th century)
Thawj Kev Thaj Yeeb ntawm Adrianople ntawm Russia thiab Ottoman Qaib Cov Txwv tau kos npe rau lub Rau Hli 13, 1713. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, Azov thiab thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub fortress raws tus dej Aureli tau muab rau lub teb chaws Ottoman. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov xaus ntawm kev cog lus ntawm 1713 tau lees paub tias yog kev ua tiav kev ua tiav ntawm Lavxias lub xeev, vim nws tau pab txhawb kev tawm tsam rau kev tswj hwm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj B altic. Xya xyoo tom qab ntawd, "Kev Thaj Yeeb Nyob Mus Ib Txhis" tau xaus rau ntawm cov teb chaws hauv Constantinople, thiab ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd, cov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim uas yuam cov neeg sawv cev tuaj sib sau ua ke dua hauv nroog Adrianople.
Txhua tuspib nrog lub fact tias nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1827 tsoom fwv ntawm lub Ottoman Empire (Chaw nres nkoj) kaw lub Bosphorus rau Lavxias teb sab fleet. Qhov no tau tawm tsam Ackermann International Convention. Cov tub ceev xwm Turkish tau txhawb nqa lawv cov kev ua los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Nicholas kuv txhawb nqa Greeks tawm tsam kev ywj pheej. Sultan Mahmud II tau nkag siab tias nws tau ua rau muaj kev sib cav ua tub rog, yog li nws tau hais kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov fortresses ntawm Danube thiab tsiv lub nroog mus rau Adrianople (Edirne). Lub nroog no tau nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm noob neej ntau pua xyoo ua ntej cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm nws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Adrianople tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 4 AD, uas tau xaus nrog kev swb ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws thiab cim qhov pib ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm Goths mus rau sab hnub poob.
Russian-Turkish tsov rog (1828-1829)
Nicholas kuv tsis tuaj yeem tab sis hnov qab qhov kev ua phem ntawm Porta. Lub Plaub Hlis 14, 1828, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau Qaib Cov Txwv. Kaum hnub tom qab, lub 6th infantry corps ntawm Fyodor Geismar nkag mus hauv Moldova, thiab nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 27, kev hla hla lub Danube pib, uas tus huab tais nws tus kheej nyob.
Tom qab ntawd, Varna kuj tau los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Ua ke nrog qhov no, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tawm tsam ze Anapa thiab hauv thaj chaw Esxias ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Tshwj xeeb, Kars tau raug coj mus rau Lub Rau Hli 23, 1828, thiab tom qab ncua sijhawm luv luv vim muaj tus kabmob plague, Akhalkalaki, Akhltsikhe, Atskhur, Ardagan, Poti thiab Bayazet poob lossis tso tseg yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam.
Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, cov tub rog Lavxias tau txais tos txais tos, vim feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua yog Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, Armenians, Georgians, Romanians thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm tus.cov neeg uas qhia Vajtswv txoj lus. Tau ntau pua xyoo, lawv tau suav hais tias yog cov pej xeem thib ob thiab vam tias yuav raug tso tawm ntawm tus quab ntawm Ottoman.
suav txog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg Greek thiab Bulgarian hauv zos, thaum Lub Yim Hli 7, 1829, cov tub rog Lavxias, suav nrog tsuas yog 25,000 tus neeg, tuaj txog Adrianople. Lub taub hau ntawm lub garrison tsis xav kom muaj xws li ib tug maneuver thiab surrendered lub nroog, thiab tom qab ib pliag Erzurum kuj poob. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd, ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Sultan tuaj txog ntawm Count Dibich lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm nrog kev pom zoo los xaus qhov kev pom zoo hu ua Adrianople Peace Treaty.
End of war
Txawm hais tias qhov kev thov kom xaus Adrananopol kev thaj yeeb los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, Porte tau sim nrog txhua lub zog los ncua kev sib tham, vam tias yuav yaum Askiv thiab Austria los txhawb nws. Txoj cai no tau muaj kev vam meej, txij li Mustafa Pasha, uas zam kev koom nrog hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, txiav txim siab tso nws 40,000-muaj zog Albanian tub rog ntawm kev pov tseg ntawm cov lus txib Turkish. Nws nyob Sophia thiab txiav txim siab tsiv mus nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, Dibich tsis poob nws lub taub hau thiab qhia rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Turkish tias yog tias kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntawm Adrianople tsis tau xaus ua ntej lub Cuaj Hlis 1, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam loj rau Constantinople. Tus Sultan tau ntshai los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem tawm tsam ntawm lub nroog thiab xa ib tus neeg sawv cev German mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias nrog kev thov kom pib npaj rau kev kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ua phem.
Kev xaus ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Adrianople
Cuaj hlis 2, 1829, beshdefterdar tuaj txog ntawm Dibich lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm(tus tuav ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag) Mehmed Sadiq-efendi thiab tus thawj tub rog txiav txim ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman Abdul Kadyr-bey. Lawv tau tso cai los ntawm Porte kom kos npe rau Treaty of Adrianople. Sawv cev ntawm Nicholas I, cov ntaub ntawv tau lees paub los ntawm kev kos npe ntawm Count A. F. Orlov thiab tus thawj coj ib ntus ntawm Danube tus thawj tswj hwm F. P. Palen.
Treaty of Adrianople (1829): cov ntsiab lus
Cov ntaub ntawv muaj 16 kab lus. Raws li lawv:
1. Qaib ntxhw rov qab tag nrho nws cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tsov rog ntawm 1828-1829, tshwj tsis yog lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub Danube nrog rau cov Islands tuaj. Kars, Akh altsikhe thiab Akhalkalaki kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig.
2. Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau txais tag nrho sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Dub hiav txwv, pib ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej Kuban mus rau St. Nicholas. Lub fortresses ntawm Anapa, Poti, Sujuk-Kale, raws li zoo raws li lub nroog ntawm Akhalkalaki thiab Akh altsikhe retreated rau nws.
3. Lub teb chaws Ottoman tau lees paub txog kev hloov mus rau Russia ntawm Imereti, Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Kartli-Kakheti, Guria thiab Mingrelia, nrog rau Erivan thiab Nakhichevan khanates pauv los ntawm Iran.
4. Qaib ntxhw tau cog lus tias yuav tsis cuam tshuam txoj kev hla Bosphorus thiab Dardanelles mus rau Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws cov tub lag luam nkoj.
5. Cov pej xeem ntawm lub xeev Lavxias tau txais txoj cai ua lag luam thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw ntawm Ottoman Empire, thaum dhau ntawm txoj cai tswjfwm hauv nroog.
6. Qaib ntxhw yuav tsum tau them tus nqi them (1.5 lab Dutch kub daim) nyob rau hauv ib xyoos thiab ib nrab.
7. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv cog lus muaj cov cai rau kev lees paub thiab kev tso cai ntawm kev ywj pheej rau Serbia, nrog rauMoldavian thiab Wallachian cov thawj coj.
8. Qaib ntxhw kuj tau tso tseg ib qho kev sim los sib sau lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb txog qhov teeb meem ntawm txoj cai tswj hwm tus kheej rau tim Nkij teb chaws.
Meaning
Adrianople kev thaj yeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua tiav qhov kev koom ua ke ntawm ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Transcaucasia mus rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho kev ywj pheej ntawm Greek kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig, txawm hais tias qhov kev xav tau no tsis raug cai raws li cov lus cog tseg ntawm Adrianople Treaty ntawm 1829.
