Binary compounds ntawm oxygen nrog cov tsis yog hlau yog ib pawg loj ntawm cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm oxides. Ntau yam tsis yog hlau oxides paub zoo rau txhua tus. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, carbon dioxide, dej, nitrogen dioxide. Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav txiav txim siab txog lawv cov khoom, nrhiav seb qhov twg ntawm binary compounds thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
yam ntxwv dav dav
Yuav luag txhua yam tsis yog xim hlau, tshwj tsis yog fluorine, argon, neon thiab helium, tuaj yeem tsim oxides. Feem ntau cov khoom muaj ntau oxides. Piv txwv li, sulfur tsim ob lub tebchaw: sulfur dioxide thiab sulfuric anhydride. Cov no yog cov khoom uas qhov valency ntawm leej faj yog plaub thiab rau, feem. Hydrogen thiab boron tsuas muaj ib qho oxide xwb, thiab nitrogen muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm binary tshuaj nrog oxygen. Cov oxides siab dua yog cov uas nyob rau hauv uas lub xeev oxidation ntawm cov tsis-hlau atom yog sib npaug rau cov naj npawb ntawm cov pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub periodic system. Yog li, CO2 thiab SO3 yog ntau dua oxides ntawm carbon thiab sulfur. Qee qhov kev sib txuastuaj yeem raug oxidation ntxiv. Piv txwv li, carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no hloov mus ua carbon dioxide.
qauv thiab lub cev muaj zog
Xyaum txhua yam paub tsis yog hlau oxides muaj cov molecules, nruab nrab ntawm cov atoms uas covalent bonds tsim. Cov khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem yog polar (piv txwv li, hauv sulfur dioxide) lossis tsis-polar (carbon dioxide molecules). Silicon dioxide, uas yog ib hom ntawm cov xuab zeb, muaj cov qauv atomic. Lub xeev ntawm aggregation ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm acidic oxides yuav txawv. Yog li, carbon oxides, xws li carbon monoxide thiab carbon dioxide, yog gaseous, thiab binary oxygen compounds ntawm hydrogen (H2O) los yog sulfur yog nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws oxidation xeev (SO 3 ) yog kua. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm dej yog tias cov oxide tsis yog ntsev-tsim. Lawv tseem hu ua indifferent.
Sulfur trioxide lossis sulfuric anhydride yog cov khoom siv dawb crystalline. Nws sai sai absorbs noo noo los ntawm huab cua, yog li sulfur dioxide yog khaws cia rau hauv lub khob ntim ntim. Cov tshuaj no yog siv los ua lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws thiab hauv kev tsim cov sulfate acid. Oxides ntawm phosphorus los yog silicon yog cov khoom siv crystalline. Kev sib hloov pauv ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev sib sau ua ke yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nitrogen oxides. Yog li, lub compound NO2 yog cov roj av xim av, thiab cov compound nrog cov mis N2O4 muaj cov kua tsis muaj xim lossis cov khoom dawb. Thaum rhuab, cov kua hloov mus rau hauv ib qho roj, thiab thaum nws txias,kev tsim cov kua theem.
Sib tham nrog dej
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid oxides nrog dej paub. Cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav yog cov kua qaub sib xws:
SO3 + H2O=H2SO 4 - sulfate acid
Cov no suav nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm phosphorus pentoxide, nrog rau sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, carbon nrog H 2 O molecules. Txawm li cas los xij, silicon oxide tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog dej. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov kua qaub silicate, siv txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees. Ua ntej, SiO2 yog fused nrog alkali xws li sodium hydroxide. Qhov tshwm sim nruab nrab ntsev, sodium silicate, yog kho nrog ib tug muaj zog acid, xws li chloride.
Qhov tshwm sim yog dawb gelatinous precipitate ntawm silicic acid. Silicon dioxide tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov ntsev thaum rhuab los ua cov kua qaub oxides tsis haum. Acid oxides suav nrog ntau lub tebchaw ntawm nitrogen, sulfur thiab phosphorus, uas yog cov ua rau huab cua muaj kuab paug. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog atmospheric noo noo, uas ua rau tsim sulfuric, nitrate thiab nitrous acid. Lawv cov molecules, nrog rau nag lossis daus, poob rau cov nroj tsuag thiab av. Acid nag lossis daus tsis tsuas ua rau cov qoob loo los ntawm kev txo lawv cov qoob loo, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv rhuav tshem cov tsev ua los ntawm limestone los yog marble, ua rau corrosion ntawm hlau lug.
Tsis muaj oxides
Acid oxides yog ib pawg ntawm cov tebchaw uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub lossis alkalis thiab tsis tsimntsev. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus saum toj no tsis sib haum rau cov acids lossis cov hauv paus, uas yog, lawv tsis yog ntsev-tsim. Muaj ob peb yam kev sib txuas. Piv txwv li, cov no suav nrog carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide thiab nws cov monoxide - TSIS TAU. Nws, nrog rau nitrogen dioxide thiab sulfur dioxide, yog koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov smog tshaj cov lag luam loj thiab cov nroog. Kev tsim cov tshuaj lom oxides tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txo qis qhov kub ntawm cov roj.
Sib tham nrog alkalis
Lub peev xwm los ua rau alkalis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub oxides. Piv txwv li, thaum sodium hydroxide thiab sulfur trioxide react, ntsev (sodium sulfate) thiab dej tsim:
SO3 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + H 2O
Nitrogen dioxide belongs rau acidic oxides. Nws nthuav feature yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog alkali, ob hom ntsev muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom: nitrates thiab nitrites. Qhov no yog vim muaj peev xwm ntawm nitric oxide (IV) thaum cuam tshuam nrog dej los tsim ob cov kua qaub - nitric thiab nitrous. Sulfur dioxide kuj cuam tshuam nrog alkalis, yog li tsim cov ntsev nruab nrab - sulfites, thiab dej. Lub compound, nkag mus rau hauv cov huab cua, ua kom muaj kuab paug, yog li ntawd, ntawm cov chaw lag luam siv roj nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm SO 2, cov pa hluav taws xob tau ntxuav los ntawm kev txau sai sai lossis chalk rau hauv lawv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem dhau sulfur dioxide los ntawm cov dej txiv qaub lossis sodium sulfite tov.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm binary oxygen compounds ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau
Ntau cov kua qaub oxidesyog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv. Piv txwv li, carbon dioxide yog siv nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws tua hluav taws vim hais tias nws tsis txhawb combustion. Silicon oxide - xuab zeb, yog siv dav hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog cov khoom noj rau kev tsim cov methyl cawv. Phosphorus pentoxide yog acidic oxide. Cov tshuaj no yog siv los tsim cov phosphoric acid.
Binary oxygen compounds ntawm non-metals cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev. Lawv feem ntau yog tshuaj lom. Peb tau tham txog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide ua ntej. Kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm nitrogen oxides, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nitrogen dioxide, ntawm cov hlab ntsws thiab cov hlab plawv kuj tau raug pov thawj. Acid oxides suav nrog carbon dioxide, uas tsis suav tias yog tshuaj lom. Tab sis yog tias nws qhov ntim feem hauv huab cua ntau dua 0.25%, ib tus neeg muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua tsis taus pa, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus vim ua pa nres.
Nyob hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb tau kawm txog cov khoom ntawm cov kua qaub oxides thiab muab piv txwv ntawm lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub neej.
