Rau cov menyuam yaus uas nyuaj rau kev kawm vim muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tam sim no, muaj cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb lossis cov chav kawm kho mob tau qhib hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis tu ncua. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem sau tus menyuam uas muaj kev xiam oob qhab lossis poob qis hauv kev loj hlob. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov chav kawm yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab lawv kev koom ua ke hauv zej zog.
Yog tus menyuam yuav mus kawm sai sai no…
Qhov tseeb tias lawv cov menyuam poob qab lawv cov phooj ywg hauv kev loj hlob, cov niam txiv saib xyuas nkag siab twb nyob rau thawj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej. Qhov no tshwm sim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog rau rau xyoo. Ib tug menyuam yaus uas poob qis hauv kev loj hlob muaj kev hais lus tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj peev xwm txawj ntse. Qee lub sij hawm cov me nyuam no tseem tsis paub tuav tus cwj mem hauv lawv txhais tes. Tsis yog rau cov kws qhia ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov niam txiv, nws pom tseeb tias tus me nyuam no yuav tsum tau mus koom chav kho mob. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws hloov mus rau lub neej kev sib raug zoo thiab lub cev.
Cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb tsim nyob qhov twg?
Txoj kev qhia cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev loj hlob qeeb tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa hauv txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv. Rau cov uas tsis paub nws yog dab tsichav kho mob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws tsim nyog piav qhia tias cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsev kawm preschool nkag mus rau nws. Ntxiv mus, kev tso npe kawm tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev tso cai los ntawm niam txiv, raws li lawv daim ntawv thov.
chav kho mob, raws li txoj cai, qhib thaum pib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Ntxiv mus, nws tseem ua haujlwm mus txog thaum tau txais kev kawm tsis tiav theem nrab. Cov kws qhia tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm nrog menyuam yaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv scientific thiab methodological, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv uas cuam tshuam rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm chav kawm. Tag nrho cov no yuav tso cai rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev kawm, nrog rau kev pab kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam yaus tshwj xeeb no.
Cov chav kho mob hauv tsev kawm tau qhib raws li tus thawj coj hais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum muaj qhov xaus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv puas siab ntsws, kev kho mob thiab kev qhuab qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv rau txhua tus menyuam yaus, nrog rau kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev kho mob thiab kev qhuab qhia hauv cheeb tsam.
Leej twg raug lees txais rau hauv chav kho mob?
Kev kawm tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm dav dav yog muab rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj qee yam nyuaj hauv kev tau txais kev paub, nrog rau cov uas tsis hloov pauv hauv pab pawg. Raws li txoj cai, cov tub ntxhais kawm zoo li no pom muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, lub hauv paus paj hlwb, nrog rau kev lag luam hauv hom kev xav-volitional.
Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev xiam oob khab loj tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv chav kho kom raug qhib hauv tsev kawm kev kawm dav dav. Ntawm no koj ua tauntaus nqi rau:
- tag nrho ntawm kev hnov lus, tsis pom kev, daim ntawv tsav tsheb thiab hais lus;
- kev puas hlwb;- hais lus tsis meej ntawm kev sib txuas lus, muaj daim ntawv ntawm autism thaum ntxov.
Hloov mus rau chav kawm ib txwm
Cov menyuam yaus kawm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev kawm tshwj xeeb muaj cib fim kom tau txais kev paub nrog lawv cov phooj ywg. Txhawm rau hloov mus rau chav kawm tsis tu ncua, tus menyuam yuav tsum muaj kev loj hlob zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum ua tiav ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias muaj kev txiav txim siab tsim nyog los ntawm pawg sab laj kev xav, kev kho mob thiab kev qhuab qhia, nrog rau kev tso cai los ntawm tus tub kawm ntawv nws tus kheej.
sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab so
Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov chav kho kom raug, txoj haujlwm tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog thawj zaug ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv txoj haujlwm niaj hnub tau teem rau hauv tus account uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsawg thiab qaug zog sai.
Rau cov menyuam kawm qib 1 txog qib 3, muaj cov hnub so ntxiv. Cov menyuam no tau tso cai so rau lub Ob Hlis rau xya hnub.
Pros of specialized training
Cov chav kho mob hauv tsev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm ntawm xya txog kaum plaub tus tub ntxhais kawm. Nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntau dua, tus nqi rau ib tus kws qhia ntawv ntxiv yuav tsum tau faib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ntxiv kho chav kawm yog tsim. Cov menyuam yaus tsawg tso cai rau koj ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv txhua tus.
Qhov zoo ntawm chav kawm no yog kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis yog ua los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv zoo tib yam, tab sis los ntawm cov kws kho mob tsis zoo. Qhov nocov hauj lwm raug qhia nyob rau hauv universities. Cov kws qhia ntawv-cov kws kho mob tsis zoo raug hu los ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev kuaj mob nyuaj. Cov kws qhia ntawv no tuaj yeem nrhiav tus yuam sij rau cov menyuam yaus nyuaj tshaj plaws.
Cov kws kho hais lus ua haujlwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tuaj koom cov chav kho mob hauv tsev kawm. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev cob qhia zoo li no yog ua los ntawm tus kheej. Psychologists ua hauj lwm nrog cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv chav kawm kho. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov kws tshaj lij no qhia rau niam txiv.
Qhov kev pab cuam rau chav kho kom raug coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias cov menyuam tshwj xeeb koom nrog. Nws suav nrog cov haujlwm yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ua haujlwm. Qhov no tso cai rau tus menyuam txav mus rau ntawm tus ntaiv kev kawm maj mam, hauv cov kauj ruam microscopic. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov kev kawm tshwj xeeb no ua rau muaj kev loj hlob qeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Txoj kev kawm kho mob
Ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm chav kawm tshwj xeeb yog coj cov menyuam yaus nrog cov kev kuaj mob sib txawv thiab muaj ntau yam teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws. Tsis muaj ib qhov loj me haum rau txhua qhov kev pab cuam. Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus no poob qis hauv ib qho kev kawm thiab muaj txiaj ntsig rau lwm qhov. Yog li, tus me nyuam yuav tsis nyob rau hauv kev ua lej, tab sis tib lub sij hawm kos zoo li tus kws kos duab tiag tiag, sau ntawv crookedly, tab sis muaj peev xwm hais lus txawv teb chaws (lawv, hmoov tsis, tsis tau muab rau hauv ib qho kev kawm tshwj xeeb).
Cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov tsev neeg uas muaj kev tsis zoo raug xa mus rau chav kho mob. Cov me nyuam zoo li no, tsis muaj kev saib xyuas niam txiv,pib tiag tiag lag qab hauv kev txhim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev cob qhia hnyav, lawv nrawm nrawm. Yog li ntawd, cov me nyuam noj qab nyob zoo no tau dhuav nrog kev kawm qeeb.
Kev kawm tshwj xeeb muab faib ua yim hom. Rau kev kawm, cov menyuam yaus raug xa mus rau lawv raws li kev kuaj mob. Muaj cov chav kawm kho mob hauv qab no:
- I - rau cov me nyuam tsis hnov lus thiab lag ntseg;
- II - rau lag ntseg-mute;
- III thiab IV - rau qhov muag tsis pom kev;
- V - rau kev hais lus tsis zoo thiab cov menyuam yaus hais lus tsis zoo;
- VI - rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj teebmeem kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev;
- VII - rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas hlwb thiab ADHD;
- VIII - rau kev puas hlwb.
Cov Chav Kawm Tshwj Xeeb I thiab Hom II
Lawv qhib los txhawb thiab qhia cov menyuam uas tsis hnov lus. Cov chav kawm kho tshwj xeeb no yog tsim los tsim cov kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv raws li kev hnov lus-pom kev xav, kom them thiab kho qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev. Cov kws qhia ntawv npaj npaj cov menyuam no rau kev nyob ywj pheej. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov chav kho kom raug? Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm dav dav yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam lag ntseg. Lub tsev kawm ntawv no muaj txog kaum tus neeg.
Tub Tshwj Xeeb III thiab IV Hom
Lawv yog tsim los rau kev cob qhia, kev kawm, nrog rau kev kho qhov sib txawv ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm kho, cov me nyuam nrogstrabismus, nrog amblyopia.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv yog tsim cov txheej txheem them nyiaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tsis yog tsuas yog pab pawg, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov chav kawm ntawm tus kheej los ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm tactile thiab pom kev pom ntawm kev hais lus, ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, kev kho lub cev, thiab kev sib dhos. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm hauv cov chav kho kom raug, cov menyuam yaus tsim kev sib txuas lus.
Rau kev txhim kho tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev tau muab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv tiflo. Braille system yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tus kws qhia ntawv siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog tus qauv, nrog rau cov kev pab cuam pom. Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav dav me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm.
chav kawm tshwj xeeb V ntawm hom
Lawv tsim los rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev qhia thiab qhia cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob hais lus hnyav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev pabcuam tsim nyog tau muab los tshem tawm cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm thiab cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb. Nrog rau qhov zoo sib xws hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam, nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv chav kawm tsis tu ncua. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau txais qhov xaus ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws-kev kho mob-pedagogical commission.
Kho chav kawm ntawm 5th hom muab rau qhov tau txais kev kawm thawj zaug rau 4-5 xyoos. Tus qauv rau kev kawm txuj ci yog rau xyoo.
Thawj, thawj theem ntawm kev cob qhia muab rau kev kho ntau yam kev hais lus tsis raug. Lawv suav nrogkev ua txhaum ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev hais lus, suab hais lus thiab phonemic hnov, nrog rau kev sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub hlwb kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam txuam nrog rau cov pathologies. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau qhia cov kev txawj ntawm kev sib tham ib txwm hais lus, tsim cov qauv sau ntawv kom raug thiab nthuav lawv cov lus.
Ntawm theem ob ntawm kev kawm, cov menyuam yaus tsim kev txawj ntse ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev xa xov ntawm qhov ncauj, uas tso cai rau lawv los koom nrog lub neej hauv zej zog. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob hauv chav kawm 5 ntawm hom yog 12 tus neeg. Kev kho cov kev ua txhaum cai uas twb muaj lawm yog ua tsis tau tsuas yog hauv chav kawm xwb, tab sis kuj ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej.
chav kawm tshwj xeeb hom VI
Lawv cob qhia cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem ntawm lub cev musculoskeletal. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug tshwj xeeb chav kawm ntawv, cov hauj lwm ntawm complex kho ntawm kev hais lus, kev txawj ntse thiab lub cev muaj zog spheres ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv yog solved. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev cob qhia no kuj yog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus rau zej zog. Ntau tus neeg uas tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj kaum.
Chav Kawm Tshwj Xeeb Hom VII
Lawv tau tsim los qhia cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas hlwb. Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob no tau nthuav tawm hauv qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev mloog thiab kev nco, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj kev txav mus los thiab nrawm.
Thaum mus kawm cov chav kawm zoo li no, cov menyuam yaus tau txais kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub siab-lub siab nyiam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb. Ntawmcov menyuam kawm ntawv, tsim kom muaj kev txawj ntse thiab lub peev xwm tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem kev kawm yuav tshwm sim, thiab kev paub txog kev paub kuj tau qhib. Chav kawm no muaj peev xwm ntawm 12 tus neeg. Tib lub sijhawm, cov menyuam tau txais kev pabcuam hais lus.
Chav Kawm Tshwj Xeeb VIII Hom
Lawv yog tsim los qhia cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws kom tshem tawm kev loj hlob tsis taus. Kev kho cov chav kawm ntawm hom 8 yog npaj rau kev sib raug zoo thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm tus menyuam. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws koom ua ke rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub neej tsis muaj mob li yav tom ntej. Qhov chaw nyob siab tshaj plaws ntawm chav kawm no yog 8 tus neeg.
Kev cob qhia no xaus nrog daim ntawv pov thawj ua haujlwm. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis.
