Ntau tus niam txiv sim xa lawv cov menyuam mus rau gymnasiums thiab lyceums, ntseeg tias lub tsev kawm pabcuam tsuas yog rau "cov neeg ruam". Tab sis li cas txog cov niam thiab txiv uas muaj ib tug me nyuam tshwj xeeb hauv lawv tsev neeg? Thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya xyoo, teeb meem loj tshwm sim, yog li nce tsev kawm ntawv rau qee tus dhau los ua tib txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem tam sim no.
Txoj Cai Lij Choj
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, raws li "Txoj Cai Kev Kawm Ntawv", txhua tus pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws tau lees paub txoj cai kom tau txais kev kawm zoo. Cov niam txiv tuaj yeem xaiv lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tus menyuam yuav tau txais ZUN.
FZ "Rau Kev Kawm" kuj siv tau rau cov menyuam yaus tshwj xeeb. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tsim los rau cov menyuam yaus tshwj xeeb. Thaum xaiv ib qho kev pab cuam, lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm tus me nyuam raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Thaum kawm tiav qib pib hauv tsev kawm ntawv kho, cov niam txiv tuaj yeem tso npe rau lawv tus menyuam hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj.
Ntau yam
Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Pabcuam hauv Lavxias Lavxias muaj qee qhov kev faib tawm. Xav txog cov tsev kawm ntawv no:
- hom 1 (tsim rau cov menyuam lag ntseg);
- hom 2 (rau cov neeg lag ntseg lig thiab tsis hnov lus zoo);
- hom 3 (rau cov menyuam uas tsis pom kev thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv dig muag);
- 4th hom (rau cov neeg dig muag lig thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev);
- 5th hom (rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj kev hais lus nyuaj);
- 6th hom (rau cov menyuam mos uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev musculoskeletal);
- 7th hom (nrog kev puas hlwb);
- 8th hom (rau cov menyuam yaus tsis nco qab).
Tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm hauv tsev yog tsim rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob somatic loj. Lub tsev kawm ntawv sanatorium-type boarding yog tsim los rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev tsis taus, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntau yam kab mob hlwb.
nyuaj xaiv
Nws yuav zoo li theoretical txhua yam yog qhov tseeb thiab nkag siab. Vim li cas niam thiab txiv ho ntshai yog cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws qhia ntawv muab lawv tus menyuam mus kawm ntawv pab? Qee tus tau npaj ntiav cov kws qhia ntawv txij li hnub nyoog tsib xyoos, tsuas yog mus rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv "qub" xwb. Tsis yog txhua tus niam txiv tau npaj siab lees paub qhov tseeb tias lawv muaj menyuam tshwj xeeb. Tsis muaj leej twg xav pom ib tug tub lossis ntxhais ntawm cov "lagging", vim hais tias txoj kev mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj koob npe raug kaw rau cov menyuam yaus "tsis muaj zog". Qhov kev cia siab no ntshai ntau.
Lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov menyuam yaus poob qisua haujlwm raws li lub tsev kawm ntawv nce qib. Tus me nyuam nyob ntawd tau tsib hnub, thiab hnub so cov niam txiv yuav tsum coj nws mus tsev. Vim muaj teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws loj, qee cov menyuam yaus no muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg, thiab yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob cia lawv nyob ib leeg txawm tias ib feeb. Qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia muaj ob peb tus kws tshaj lij uas muaj peev xwm thiab xav ua haujlwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm "teeb meem".
Yuav ua li cas
Ib txhia niam txiv pom zoo xa tus menyuam mus rau chav kho mob. Qhov kev zov me nyuam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv pabcuam yog yooj yim dua li hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv zoo tib yam, yog li tus menyuam muaj mob yuav xis nyob dua. Ib tug me nyuam uas muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm daws nws tus kheej los daws cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim hauv nws hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txawj ntse theoretical thiab tswv yim. Lub tsev kawm ntawv pabcuam pab daws cov teeb meem no, raws li cov kws tshwj xeeb nqaim ua haujlwm hauv nws - tus kws kho mob tsis zoo, tus kws kho mob hlwb, tus kws kho mob oligophrenopedagogue.
Yog cov niam txiv hais, xa tus menyuam mus kawm ntawv tsis tu ncua vim cov phooj ywg thuam, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, kev ua phem rau menyuam yaus, tsis lees paub cov menyuam yaus "tshwj xeeb" yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tua tus kheej. Yuav kom tsis txhob poob lawv cov menyuam, cov niam txiv thiab cov txiv yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov lus ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb, tus kws kho mob.
Ib ntu ntawm kev ua
xav tias cov niam txiv txiav txim siab mus ua haujlwm kom nkag siab tias lawv tus menyuam npaj txhij mus kawm hauv tsev kawm li cas. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb txawv li cas?Lub 1st department muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev kuaj mob los ntawm ib tug psychologist ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm ib tug yav tom ntej-qib qib. Raws li nws cov txiaj ntsig, tus kws kho mob puas siab puas ntsws xaus lus tias tus menyuam tuaj yeem paub qhov kev kawm dav dav uas muaj nyob rau hauv tiam thib ob ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias.
Tom ntej no los ntawm kev kuaj mob ntawm kev hais lus los ntawm tus kws kho hais lus. Phonemic hnov, hais lub suab yog kuaj. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob qhov kev sim, kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob hlwb tau ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog kev kuaj mob, tus kws qhia ntawv hauv qib kindergarten kos tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus menyuam.
Nyob rau ntawm pawg thawj coj, ib pab pawg kws tshaj lij (tus kws kho mob hlwb, kws kho hlwb, tus kws kho mob hais lus) muab tswv yim rau cov niam txiv, muab kev cob qhia (yog tias tsim nyog) hauv cov tsev kawm kho mob tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm menyuam yaus muaj cai pom zoo (tsis pom zoo) nrog cov lus qhia.
Raws li kev cai lij choj Lavxias, yam tsis muaj kev tso cai los ntawm niam txiv, tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv chav kawm tshwj xeeb.
Txoj kev cob qhia hauv tsev kawm tshwj xeeb
Kev npaj tshwj xeeb thematic yog tsim rau txhua qhov kev kawm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv pabcuam ua haujlwm raws li cov kev pabcuam rau kev kho thiab txhim kho kev hais lus (hom 5):
- cov lus qhia hais kom raug muaj nyob rau qib 1-2;
- hauv chav kawm ntawm 7 txog 12 tus neeg;
- cov lus qhia muaj nyob rau thawj ib nrab hnub, ntu thib ob yog mob siab rau cov chav kawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev hais lus;
- tsis muaj kev kawm lus txawv teb chaws vim nws nyuaj rau cov me nyuam tshwj xeeb kawm tib lub sijhawmCov kev pab cuam ob hom lus;
- kev sib koom ua ke "Lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig peb thiab kev txhim kho kev hais lus" tab tom ua;
- kev cob qhia yog ua los ntawm tus kheej mus rau txhua tus menyuam.
Nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm dav dav, cov chav kawm kho tshwj xeeb feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv uas cov me nyuam muaj kev loj hlob kev txawj ntse, tab sis muaj teeb meem hais lus. Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev kawm theem qis, cov menyuam yaus no raug xa mus rau cov chav kawm tsis tu ncua.
Kev cob qhia raws li kev kho mob ntawm hom 7
Nws qhia ib tug me nyuam tshwj xeeb uas kawm rau qib 1. Lub tsev kawm ntawv pab them nqi tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm ntxiv. Ntxiv rau cov lus qhia, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv no muaj cov voj voog thiab ntu ntawm kev ua kis las, suab paj nruag, thiab kos duab.
Tus yam ntxwv thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev kawm. Tshwj xeeb, tus kws qhia ntawv mob siab rau ntau teev rau qee yam ntsiab lus txhawm rau txhawm rau sib koom ua ke cov txuj ci ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Muaj ib qho qauv tsim tshwj xeeb rau txhua hom tsev kawm ntawv kho. Cov kawm tiav ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv no yuav tsum ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau teev tseg hauv GEF.
tsev kawm tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem ntau yam
Sau npe rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv no cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem nrog kev txawj ntse thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev. Raws li qhov kev thov ntawm cov niam txiv, tus menyuam yuav tsis tuaj yeem mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv kho mob tshwj tsis yog muaj kev kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws.
Tsuas yog cov algorithm ua raws, piv txwv li ua ntejKev kuaj mob ntawm tus menyuam mos los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb, kws kho hlwb, tus kws kho mob hais lus, ua lus pom zoo txog kev xa tus menyuam mus rau lub tsev kawm tshwj xeeb, niam thiab txiv tuaj yeem sau daim ntawv thov nkag rau lawv tus menyuam mus rau tsev kawm tshwj xeeb.
Yog tias txhua yam teeb meem uas tau txheeb pom ua ntej los ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb raug tshem tawm, pawg kws kho mob-kev puas siab puas ntsws tau rov ua dua. Yog tias nws txiav txim siab zoo, cov niam txiv tuaj yeem hloov tus menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj.
Xyaum qhia tau tias muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim ntau zaus. Yog vim li ntawd tus kws kho kev puas siab puas ntsws piav qhia rau cov niam txiv tias kev qhia tus menyuam hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv kho (thaum theem pib) tsis yog kab lus kiag li. Ib tug me nyuam tshwj xeeb yuav xis nyob hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tuaj yeem nrog nws cov phooj ywg hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab qee zaum txawm ua ntej lawv. Yog tias cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau tus menyuam, nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txhawm rau pab tus menyuam kom daws tau cov teeb meem hauv kev hais lus, teeb meem hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog lawv cov phooj ywg kom raws sijhawm.
