Glaciers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ntxiv txhua tus dej hauv ntiaj teb. 16 lab sq. km - xws li lawv tag nrho cheeb tsam, qhov no yog hais txog 11% ntawm tag nrho cov av. Lawv muaj cov dej tshiab loj heev. Muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Russia, nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm 60 txhiab square meters. km. Glaciers nyob rau hauv Russia tau muab faib ua ob hom, raws li txoj kev ntawm lawv tsim:
- Integuments. Qhov no yog feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov glacial systems nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Cov no suav nrog cov dej khov ntawm Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya thiab lwm lub tebchaws Arctic. Qhov nruab nrab tuab ntawm cov Islands tuaj hauv hiav txwv Arctic yog los ntawm 100 txog 300 meters. Lawv khaws cov dej tshiab loj heev.
- roob glaciers ntawm Russia. Lawv feem ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam tsuas yog 5%. Cov no yog glacial accumulations ntawm lub roob ntawm lub Caucasus, lub Urals, Kamchatka. Rau lawv txoj kev tsim, ob qho xwm txheej yuav tsum tau ntsib: huab cua tsis zoo thiab cov nag lossis daus loj. Feem ntau, yog tias nag los nag hauv roob, ces lawv nrog huab cua sov.
Glacier ntau yam
Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov dej khov, suav nrog roob glaciers. Muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv peb lub tebchaws?
- Snow Spots. Kev sib sau ntawm cov daus nyob rau hauv cov hav maj mam thiab cov nqes hav.
- Glaciersstepped txoj kab nqes. Daus huab cua sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm ko taw ntawm lub roob thiab ua rau avalanches.
- Tsab dej khov. Lawv nyob rau ntawm txoj kab nqes, zoo li dai rau ntawm nws. Lawv me me, tab sis lawv txaus ntshai, vim lawv tuaj yeem tawg.
- Kar glaciers. Daus pawg nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum zoo li lub kwj ha, nrog rau sab nraub qaum phab ntsa.
- Glaciers ntawm volcanic ncov. Nyob saum roob.
- Pob zeb glaciers. Lawv muaj qhov pib zoo ib yam - saum toj kawg nkaus, tab sis cov ceg txheem ntseeg nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm nws.
- Norwegian hom. Hom glaciers no yog hloov los ntawm roob mus rau npog. Cov kaus mom dej khov ntawm toj siab zoo li lub ncov kis mus rau hauv qab. Thaum mus txog ntawm ntug, lawv nqes mus rau hauv nyias hnab ris.
- Vaj nyob toj siab.
roob glaciers hauv Russia tsis nyob ib puag ncig hauv cheeb tsam. Qee qhov poob qis, lwm tus loj hlob, thiab muaj cov uas hloov lawv txoj haujlwm thaum lawv txav mus. Dab tsi yog qhov loj tshaj plaws glaciers nyob rau hauv Russia? Cov npe ntawm 5 lub roob dej khov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau xyoo no yog raws li hauv qab no.
Caucasus
Nov yog qhov chaw sib sau loj tshaj plaws ntawm roob glaciers. Nyob rau hauv Russia ntawm lub Caucasus Range, i.e. nyob rau ntawm nws sab qaum teb txoj kab nqes, loj loj yog concentrated, nrog rau tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm 1400 sq. km. Qhov no yog ntau tshaj 2000 glaciers. Lawv feem ntau me me, txog li 1 sq. km diam. Qhov loj tshaj plaws glacier nyob rau hauv Russia yog Mount Elbrus complex nyob rau hauv Kabardino-Balkaria, nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 120 sq. km. Lwm qhov loj snowy ncov nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus yog lub sab saum toj ntawm lub volcano Kazbek uas ploj lawm. Qhov no yog qhov uas ntau tshaj 60% ntawmtag nrho cov dej khov ntawm Caucasus. Ib tug feature yog lawv tus cwj pwm alpine. Lavxias teb sab ib feem ntawm cov snowy peaks ntawm lub Greater Caucasus yog nyob rau ntawm nws sab qaum teb txoj kab nqes; nws yog smoother thiab txuas ntxiv, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau yav qab teb ib. Ntawm no, ntau dua 70% ntawm cov dej khov ntawm Greater Caucasus. Txoj kab nqes sab qab teb yog qhov ntxhab thiab qhov siab, nws muaj 30% ntawm cov daus ntawm lub roob Caucasus. Lub glaciation ntawm lub ridge no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau pub cov dej ntws los ntawm no. Cov no yog cov ceg ntawm tus dej Kuban - Belaya, Zelenchuk, Laba - thiab Terek River - Ardon, Urukh, Baksan. Lub glaciers ntawm lub roob Caucasus yog retreating thiab lawv cheeb tsam yog shrinking. Txawm hais tias qhov kev txo qis no yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb, kev pub mis ntawm tus dej raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nws. Ntau xyoo dhau los, theem ntawm cov kab daus tau nce los ntawm 70-75 cm, qee zaum muaj cov dej khov ua ntej luv luv hauv qee thaj chaw.
Altai
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob hauv cov npe ntawm cov roob loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws yog cov daus ntawm Altai. Ntawm no, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Siberia, muaj txog 1,500 hearths, uas nyob ib cheeb tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 900 square meters. km. Qhov loj tshaj plaws glaciations yog nyob rau ntawm Katunsky, South-Chuysky thiab North-Chuysky ridges. Cov pawg loj yog tsom rau ntawm Mount Belukha, qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws Altai dej Katun thiab nws cov tributaries tuaj. Cov chaw no tau dhau los ua qhov nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nrov ntawm cov neeg nce toj thoob plaws hauv Altai. Ntawm no yog Akkem glacier. Qee tus ntseeg tias nws muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, thiab them nyiaj rau nws cov qhua. Lwm snowy ncov ntawm Altai yog Aktru. Lub roob muaj npe nrov rau nws qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov muaj unbearable tshav kub, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no - txias heev. Rau qhov no, Aktru yog suav hais tias yog qhov chaw txias hauv zos. Qhov kub ntawm no poob mus rau rho tawm62º C ua. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj kev nyab xeeb nyuaj, muaj ntau tus neeg xav pom cov glaciers hauv Russia. Cov duab ntawm lawv cov toj roob hauv pes tsuas yog mesmerizing.
Kamchatka
Niaj hnub nimno glaciation ntawm ceg av qab teb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov snow masses ntawm no loj dua nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Muaj txog 450 ntawm lawv, nrog rau tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 900 square meters. km. Lawv lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog nyob rau ntawm Sredinny Ridge thiab pawg Klyuchevskaya. Russia lub glaciers nyob rau hauv Kamchatka muaj ib tug nthuav feature. Lawv raug cais raws li hu ua caldera, vim yog txoj kev tsim. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv calderas thiab craters ntawm volcanoes thiab toj, uas muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ceg av qab teb. Nyob rau hauv Kamchatka, lub caij sov sov yog luv, thiab cov daus uas ntog rau saum toj ntawm lub roob tsis muaj sij hawm los yaj. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Kamchatka snows yog lawv qhov chaw qis. Glaciers nqis los ntawm lub ncov mus rau qhov siab ntawm 1600 meters. Volcanic eruptions yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm snows. Thaum lub sij hawm tawg, glaciers nquag yaj thiab sau cov dej ntws nrog cov dej yaj.
Koryak Range
Nws tseem hu ua Koryak Highlands. Nyob rau hauv Far East, nws ntes Chukotka Autonomous Okrug thiab thaj chaw Kamchatka. Tag nrho cov glaciers ntawm no yog 1330, thiab lawv cheeb tsam yog ntau tshaj 250 sq. km. Lub Koryak highland muaj luv luv ridges thiab ridges stretches ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob. Lavxias teb sab glaciers nyob rau hauv Far East yog elongated, mus txog 4 km ntev. Lawv nyob qis qis, qis dua cov kab daus, nyob rau theem ntawm 700-1000 meters. Qhov no yogvim climatic tej yam kev mob thiab qhov sib thooj ntawm lub hiav txwv txias. Lwm qhov dej khov hauv tebchaws Russia yog Ice Roob - nws qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 2562 meters.
Suntar Khayat Toj siab
Cov dej khov ntawm Russia nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Yakutia thiab thaj chaw Khabarovsk. Muaj 208 ntawm lawv nyob ntawm no, nrog thaj tsam tag nrho ntawm ntau dua 200 square kilometers. Lub roob ncav cuag 450 km, thiab nws qhov siab tshaj plaws - Mount Cape Khaya - ntawm ib theem ntawm yuav luag 3000 meters. Ntxiv rau lub roob glaciers, muaj txog 800 sq. km tynov. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm ib tug loj perennial icing, uas yog tsim thaum av av khov.
Qhov tuab ntawm cov dej khov no feem ntau yog li 8 meters. Suntar-Khayata yog cov dej ntws ntawm cov dej loj Siberian xws li Indigirka, Aldan, thiab cov dej ntws ntawm Hiav Txwv Okhotsk phiab.
