Sodium hydroxide, los yog caustic soda, yog ib qho inorganic compound uas belongs rau hauv chav kawm ntawv, los yog hydroxides. Tsis tas li hauv tshuab thiab txawv teb chaws, cov tshuaj no hu ua caustic soda. Lub npe tsis tseem ceeb - caustic soda - nws tau txais vim nws muaj zog corrosive nyhuv.
Nws yog hygroscopic dawb crystalline khoom uas yaj ntawm 328 degrees. Sodium hydroxide yog soluble hauv dej thiab yog ib qho muaj zog electrolyte. Thaum dissociated, nws decomposes rau hauv ib tug hlau cation thiab hydroxide ions.
Thaum yaj hauv dej, nws tsim cov tshuaj nquag - alkali, - soapy rau qhov kov. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim sai heev - nrog txaws thiab tso cua sov. Nws yog ingress ntawm alkali rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias uas ua rau mob hnyav heev burns, yog li ntawd, thaum ua hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab tiv thaiv koj ob txhais tes thiab ob lub qhov muag. Yog hais tias cov khoom no nkag mus rau hauv lub epithelium los yog mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, lub qhov ncauj, nws yog tsim nyog los ntxuav qhov chaw cuam tshuam nrog dej thiab ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm acetic (2%) los yog boric (3%) acid kom sai li sai tau, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj acetic. dej. Tom qab muab kev saib xyuas xwm txheej ceev, tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Sodium hydroxide (cov tshuaj formulaCov tebchaw - NaOH, structural - Na-O-H) yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj peev xwm hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj inorganic thiab organic. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau hydroxide ion nrog ntau yam ntsuas yuav pab kom pom nws hauv cov dej daws teeb meem. Yog li, qhov taw qhia litmus dhau los ua xiav xiav, methyl txiv kab ntxwv - daj, thiab phenolphthalein - crimson, thaum lub zog ntawm cov xim yuav nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm alkali.
Sodium hydroxide nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no:
1. neutralization nrog acids, acid oxides thiab amphoteric compounds. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog tsim cov dej thiab ntsev los yog hydroxocomplex - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog amphoteric bases thiab oxides;
2. pauv nrog ntsev;
3. nrog cov hlau uas nce mus txog hydrogen hauv Beketov series thiab muaj peev xwm hluav taws xob tsawg;
4. nrog tsis-hlau thiab halogens;
4. Hydrolysis nrog esters;
5. saponification nrog cov rog (xws li xab npum thiab glycerin yog tsim);
6. Kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cawv (xws li cawv yog tsim).
Tsis tas li, hauv daim ntawv molten, caustic soda tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov plooj (porcelain) thiab iav, thiab thaum muaj oxygen, nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov hlau tsis zoo (platinum).
Sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- electrolysis ntawm aqueous tov ntawm NaCl (diaphragm thiab membrane txoj kev),
- tshuaj (txiv qaub thiab ferrite method).
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, txoj hauv kev raws lielectrolysis, vim lawv tau nyiaj ntau dua.
Caustic soda yog nrov heev thiab siv ntau yam lag luam - tshuaj pleev ib ce, pulp thiab ntawv, tshuaj, textile, zaub mov. Nws yog siv los ua ib qho ntxiv E-524, rau degassing thaj chaw thiab hauv kev tsim cov roj biodiesel.
Yog li, sodium hydroxide yog alkali uas tau pom dav siv hauv ntau ceg ntawm tib neeg kev lag luam vim nws qhov tshwm sim.
