Phosphoric acid, cov mis uas yog H 3 PO 4,tseem hu ua orthophosphoric. Qhov no compound nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob muaj ib tug ruaj lub xeev ntawm aggregation. Cov muaju me me ntawm cov khoom no tsis muaj xim. Cov kua qaub yog soluble hauv dej, ethanol thiab lwm cov kuab tshuaj organic. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom thiab ua kua, cov molecules ntawm ib tug muab tshuaj yog txuam z
tab sis vim yog hydrogen bonds, uas yog vim li cas concentrated H3PO4 muaj viscosity nce. Boiling point 42.3 C, thiab thaum rhuab mus rau 213 C nws hloov mus ua pyrophosphoric acid H4P2O7.
Phosphoric acid yog ib qho electrolyte ntawm nruab nrab lub zog, thiab vim nws yog ib tug tribasic acid, nws dissociates stepwise nyob rau hauv peb theem nyob rau hauv aqueous tov.
Orthophosphoric acid feem ntau yog tau los ntawm nws cov ntsev uas muaj nyob rau hauv phosphate minerals - apatite thiab phosphorite, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm sulfuric acid. Tsis tas li ntawd los ntawm hydration ntawm phosphorus (V) oxide los yog hydrolysis ntawm ib qho inorganic compound -phosphorus pentachloride.
Phosphoric acid reacts nrog bases, hlau oxides, ntsev, nquag hlau thiab muaj zog acids. Thaum cuam tshuam nrog hydroxides, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim ntawm uas yog tsim cov ntsev thiab dej. Reacting nrog hlau oxides, nws kuj tsim ntsev thiab dej. Thaum reacting nrog ntsev, ib qho kev hloov pauv tshwm sim, uas tau txais cov ntsev thiab kua qaub tshiab. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm phosphoric acid nrog nyiaj nitrate (ntsev) yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas nws cov kev daws teeb meem. Qhov tshwm sim yog daj daj-ntsuab phosphate (Ag3PO4). Nrog cov hlau nquag, uas sawv hauv Beketov series txog hydrogen, nws nkag mus rau hauv kev hloov pauv tshuaj. Kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub muaj zog (perchloric), nws nthuav tawm ob qhov xwm txheej (amphoteric) thiab tsim cov ntsev nyuaj - phosphoryls. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau thermally decomposed rau diphosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid, uas yog siv dav, yog siv ntau hauv kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb hauv av uas muaj phosphorus. Cov chiv zoo li no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog nce cov khoom tsim tau, tab sis kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm microbiological muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig, nrog rau kev ua kom lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm cov qoob loo. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, cov kua qaub no yog siv los ua khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv E 338, uas muaj nyob rau hauv me mekom muaj nuj nqis hauv marmalade, syrup thiab carbonated dej qab zib. Nws yog vim muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm orthophosphoric thiab citric acids hauv cov dej haus uas, thaum lawv noj ntau dhau, cov hniav lwj tshwm sim. Cov cuab yeej no los ua kom cov hniav enamel thiab dentin tau siv los ntawm kws kho hniav. Yog li, phosphoric acid, muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb muab tshuaj txhuam, yog siv rau cov hniav ua ntej nws txhaws thiab pab rau demineralization ntawm nws cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov tshuaj no kuj yog siv rau etching ntoo thiab tsim cov uas tsis yog-combustible xim thiab varnishes thiab tsev cov ntaub ntawv (non-combustible phosphate ua npuas ncauj, phosphor ntoo boards). Nws yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv soldering tooj liab, ferrous hlau, stainless hlau ua ib tug huv si uas tshem tawm ntau yam oxides los ntawm cov hlau nto. Kuj tseem siv rau hauv descaling, detergent manufacturing thiab molecular biology.
Phosphoric acid tau pom cov ntawv thov nquag thiab muaj ntau yam vim nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsim khoom pheej yig.
