Kev tshawb fawb yog cov qauv ntawm kev hais lus siv hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog cov hauv qab no: generalization thiab abstractness, terminology, hais txog logic. Cov yam ntxwv thib ob: unambiguity, semantic raug, standardity, objectivity, brevity, nruj, clarity, non-categorical, impersonal, figurative, ntsuam xyuas, thiab lwm yam.
Muaj peb hom kev kawm: kev kawm txuj ci zoo ntawm cov ntawv nyeem (cov ntawv sau, monographs, dissertations, scientific reports, speeches at scientific conferences, tsis sib haum), scientific thiab kev kawm (qhia, phau ntawv), nrov science (cov ntawv, cov lus qhuab qhia nrov, sau ntawv).
Kev tshawb fawb: nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb
Academician Likhachev DS taw qhia hauv nws cov haujlwm:
1. Cov kev xav tau rau cov qauv kev tshawb fawb txawv qhov txawv ntawm cov lus tseeb.
2. Kev siv cov lus piv txwv thiab cov duab sib txawv hauv cov lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb tau tso cai tsuas yog tias nws tsim nyog los muab qhov kev xav zoo rau qee qhov kev xav. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev tshawb fawb, kev xav tsuas yog ib qho khoom siv pedagogical tsim nyog los kos lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm.
3. Zoo tiag tiag hais lus style lus yuav tsum tsis txhob pom los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv. Nws yuav tsum pom tsuas yog qhov kev xav xwb, tsis yog hom lus uas qhov kev xav tau nthuav tawm.
4. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov lus scientific yog clarity.
5. Lwm yam kev tsim txiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog brevity, lightness, simplicity.
6. Cov qauv kev tshawb fawb suav nrog kev siv tsawg kawg ntawm cov kab lus subordinate hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Cov kab lus yuav tsum luv luv, qhov kev hloov ntawm ib kab lus mus rau lwm qhov - ntuj thiab kev xav, "tsis paub"
7. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nquag siv cov lus uas ua rau koj xav tias lawv raug hloov, qhov lawv hais txog.
8. Tsis tas yuav ntshai ntawm kev rov ua dua, sim tshem tawm lawv cov tshuab. Ib tug thiab tib lub tswvyim yuav tsum tau denoted los ntawm tib lub sij hawm, nws yuav tsis raug hloov los ntawm ib tug synonym. Tsuas yog cov lus rov qab los ntawm kev txom nyem ntawm tus kws sau lus yuav tsum zam.
9. Parasite lo lus uas ntxiv tsis muaj dab tsi rau kev xav yuav tsum zam. Txawm li cas los xij, ib lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm kom ntxaws ntxiv, nrog qee qhov nres ntawm nws.
10. Scientific style hu rau kev them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov lus zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lo lus opposite es tsis txhob opposite, sib txawv es tsis txhob sib txawv.
Cov ntawv sau tshawb fawb: yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej lus
- phau ntawv cov lus nrog kev paub daws teeb meem (abstract) thiab lub ntsiab lus dav dav (xav txog, xav, tsis hnyav, hloov pauv);
- cov lus qhia dav dav (txheej txheem, nqi, zoo, tivthaiv, laj thawj);
- lus-terms - teemcov npe koom ua ke nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho kev tshawb fawb (plankton, phoneme, congruence, reflection);
- cov lus sib txuas tshwj xeeb (lub ntsiab lus kub, kev kub ntxhov ntawm pej xeem, kab mob pancreas, kab lus sib txuas);
- ntau zaus ntawm adjectives (kwv yees li 13%), prepositions, conjunctions, prepositional ob peb ua ke (vim, nrog kev pab los ntawm, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm, piv rau …, nyob rau hauv relation to, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog… etc.);
- kab lus nyuaj (tshwj xeeb yog kab lus nyuaj);
- kab lus nrog cov lus qhia, cov lus qhia thiab cov kab lus koom nrog.
Kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum paub txhua tus.
