Cov qauv sau ntawv yuam kev yog ua los ntawm cov neeg nyeem. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom tias qee cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem, thaum feem ntau tsis tu ncua stumbles rau lwm tus. Nws tsis ntau npaum li cov cai no nyuaj. Hloov chaw, lawv yooj yim tsis yooj yim, thiab qee qhov muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb thiab daim ntawv thov nta uas lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia yuav siv tag nrho daim ntawv - zoo li lawv kawm tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev kawm.
Cia peb xav txog qhov yuam kev tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias, tsis yog los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, tab sis yog los ntawm cov neeg txawj nyeem ntawv.
Yuav suav li cas yog qhov yuam kev grammatical?
Ib qho yuam kev grammatical yog kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev lees paub feem ntau. Ib qho yuam kev hais txog kev tsim cov lus (piv txwv li, cov lus tsis raug siv los ua ib lo lus), morphology (piv txwv li, tsis raug declension ntawm verb), syntax (piv txwv li, kab lus adverbial inconsistent nrog lub ntsiab kab lus) hu ua grammatical yuam kev.
Cov kab lus yuam kev yuav tsum txawv ntawm kev sau lossis hais lus yuam kev.
Qhov yuam kev tshaj plaws yog cuam tshuam nrog cov ntawv sau:
1. Ntau tus neeg tau siv los qhia txog "txawm li cas los xij" nrog commas thiab xav tsis thoob thaum Lo Lus underlines lub comma tom qab nws, xws liyuam kev. Cov neeg uas tau txais kev ceeb toom ntau dua tias comma tom qab "txawm li cas los xij" raug suav tias yog qhov yuam kev tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm kab lus. Tseeb tiag, yog hais tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no zoo ib yam li "tom qab tag nrho", "txawm li cas los xij", thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib kab lus, ces nws yog suav hais tias yog introductory, thiab nws yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm commas. Yog hais tias nws txhais tau tias "tab sis", piv txwv li, hauv kab lus "Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis nkag siab nws" (="Tab sis nws tsis to taub nws"), ces koj tsis tas yuav muab ib qho comma.
2. Feem ntau muaj kev tsis meej pem nrog cov cim "dash" thiab "colon". Ntau tus, thaum ntsib nrog cov kab lus nyuaj uas lub koom haum raug rho tawm, nkag siab tias lawv yuav tsum tau muab cov cim "khoom" ntau dua li lub cim. Tab sis qhov twg? Txoj cai yog qhov yooj yim heev. Koj yuav tsum xaiv cov lus uas tsim nyog tshaj es tsis txhob muaj kev sib txuas.
Yog cov lus xws li "dab tsi", "vim", "namely" yog qhov tsim nyog, ces koj yuav tsum muab tso rau. Thiab kuj yog ib txoj hnyuv raug muab tso yog thawj kab lus xaus nrog cov lus qhia txog kev nkag siab thiab qhia tias lawv yuav ua raws li cov lus piav qhia. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov lus: pom, nkag siab, xav, thiab lwm yam.
Examples:
Kuv nco qab (tias): yog yav tsaus ntuj, lub yeeb nkab ntsiag to ua si.
Nws yog ib tug neeg nyuaj (xws li): ceev-tempered, biliious, sullen.
Kuv paub nws tam sim ntawd: (vim) nws hnav ib nkawm khau daj.
Kuv pom: lub nkoj tab tom caij nkoj, muaj ib tug me nyuam tub liab qab rau ntawm nws, tanned,tsis paub, tab sis flashes luag thiab nyob rau hauv thib ob tom ntej nws yoj tes ntawm kuv.
Yog koj tuaj yeem sau cov lus xws li "a", "tab sis", "thiab", "like", "qhov no", "yog li", "like", ces siv lub dash.
Npaj dav (thiab) - lub ris raug torn.
Hla hiav txwv heifer (qhov no) yog ib nrab, yog, ruble yog thauj.
cua tshuab - (yog li ntawd) quaj, creaked lub qub hav zoov.
Dash kuj siv thaum lo lus "yog" lossis "thaum" tuaj yeem ntxiv rau ntawm kab lus pib.
Examples:
(Thaum) Kuv xav txog Grisha - nws nyob ntawd.
(Yog) Kuv tau nqi - cia mus rau hiav txwv!
Cov qauv sau ntawv yuam kev ntsig txog morphology
Kev nyuaj ua rau "nn" hauv cov lus tom qab (txawm tias txhua tus nco ntsoov iav, tin, ntoo), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj rau kev cuam tshuam nrog ob "n" hauv adverbs. Thiab kuj muaj ntau yam tsis meej pem los ntawm kev siv cov khoom tsis yog / tsis yog. Muaj ob peb tus neeg kawm ntawv, imperceptibly rau lawv tus kheej, tau yuam kev hauv kev tswj hwm. Qhov twg yog qhov tseeb, "tswj tshaj" lossis "tswj tshaj"? Qhov tsis meej pem ntawm ob yog lwm qhov nrov grammatical yuam kev. Piv txwv:
- tswj kom zoo;
- tswj kev ua tiav ntawm qhov kev txiav txim;
- tswj qib dej.
Qhov twg yog qhov tseeb? Tag nrho. Ib los yog lwm hom kev tswj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog xaiv nyob ntawm seb tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus tom ntej. Piv txwv li, "tswj tshaj" yog siv ua ntej hais lusnpe (execute - execution). Muaj lwm yam subtleties.
Kab lus no tsis suav tag nrho cov kev ua yuam kev grammatical. Nws yog qhov ua tau kom kawm tsis txhob ua txhaum lawv los ntawm kev kawm cov cai. Peb cia siab tias peb muaj peev xwm ua kom pom tau tias kev kawm paub cov lus zais ntawm ib hom lus yog kev lag luam zoo siab, thiab qee zaum ib tus neeg paub txog kev cai lij choj yog txaus kom paub tag nrho nws cov laj thawj thiab kev tsim nyog. Peb kuj vam tias koj tau pom cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cai tau piav qhia saum toj no hauv tsab xov xwm nws tus kheej, thiab tsis yog nyob rau hauv "piv txwv" kab lus.
