Ib tug neeg muaj lus nug txog yam lus dab tsi. Tseeb tiag, qhov tseeb, peb tau ntsib nrog thaj tsam ntawm kev tshawb fawb xyaum los ntawm qib thawj, thaum peb pib kawm ntawv. Muaj tseeb tiag, hauv peb txoj kev nkag siab, linguists tau koom nrog kev kawm ntawm ib hom lus, tab sis qhov no tsis yog txhua yam. Wb saib dab tsi yog linguistics, leej twg yog linguists thiab lawv ua dab tsi.
Raws li koj paub, muaj ntau hom lus hauv ntiaj teb, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim cov lus, thiab lwm yam. Lawv kawm los ntawm xws li science li linguistics. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov lus tuaj yeem kawm ob leeg los ntawm ib leeg thiab sib piv. Cov neeg uas ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no hu lawv tus kheej cov lus.
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm philology, xws li cov theoretical thiab kev siv lus yog qhov txawv. Thawj qhov kev kawm tsuas yog txoj kev xav ntawm cov lus, nws cov qauv thiab cov qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, diachronic thiab synchronous yam ntawm kev kawm lus tau muab cais tawm. Diachronic linguistics kawm txog kev loj hlob ntawm ib hom lus, nws lub xeev ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob, cov qauv ntawm kev loj hlob.
Raws li kev sib txuas lus, ntawm no lawv twb kawm cov lus nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no ntawm kev txhim kho, qhov no yog lub npe hu ua cov lus niaj hnub no.
Kev paub lus Askiv siv cov kev paub paub los tsim ntau yam kev kawm lus, txiav txim siab sau ntawv, tsim phau ntawv thiab txawm tias kev txawj ntse.
Kev siv lus piav qhia txhim kho ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. Qhov no suav nrog computer science, psychology, lej, physics, thiab kev xav. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais qhov tseeb tias ib qho kev tshawb fawb tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev hais lus. Tag nrho cov no yog kev sib raug zoo.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev siv thiab theoretical linguistics muaj kev sib raug zoo. Yog tsis muaj txoj kev xav, kev xyaum ua tsis tau, thiab kev xyaum ua, ua rau nws tuaj yeem sim ib lossis lwm nqe lus, nrog rau tsim cov lus nug tshiab rau kev tshawb fawb.
Zoo li lwm yam kev tshawb fawb, kev paub lus muaj nws cov ntu. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb suav nrog xws li phonetics thiab phonology, morphology, syntax, stylistics, punctuation, comparative stylistics thiab lwm yam. Txhua ntu ntawm kev hais lus muaj nws cov khoom thiab kev kawm.
Txawm hais tias kev hais lus muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los los, tseem muaj ntau yam kev daws teeb meem thiab teeb meem uas tsis tso cai rau cov lus hais kom pw tsaug zog hmo ntuj. Txhua lub sijhawm tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd cov tswv yim tshiab, cov kev xav ntawm ib qho kev kawm tshwm sim, ntau hom ntawv txhais lus raug tsim, kev txhim kho thiab tsim ntawm ntau hom lus tau kawm, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv tau tsim. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tsam los tsim ib qho kev siv metalanguage.
Yog li, dab tsi yog lus Askiv? Qhov no yog science uas muaj nws tus kheej cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom,kawm lus thiab lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg. Txawm hais tias nws qhov yooj yim, nws muaj ntau yam tsis paub meej thiab cov teeb meem tsis daws teeb meem uas haunt ntau tshaj ib tiam neeg ntawm cov lus. Zoo li txhua yam kev tshawb fawb, linguistics muaj nws cov ntu, txhua qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb.
Tam sim no koj paub tias hom lus yog dab tsi thiab nws noj nrog dab tsi. Peb cia siab tias koj pom peb tsab xov xwm nthuav.
