Syntax yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm cov kab lus, kab lus thiab ntawv

Cov txheej txheem:

Syntax yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm cov kab lus, kab lus thiab ntawv
Syntax yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm cov kab lus, kab lus thiab ntawv
Anonim

Linguistics, lossis kev paub lus - kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev hais lus, lus thiab kev sib txuas lus - kawm txog ntau yam ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus. Syntax yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm cov kab lus, kab lus, thiab cov ntawv nyeem. Kab lus no tau mob siab rau qhov tseeb thiab los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kev kawm.

syntax yog ib ceg tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm lus
syntax yog ib ceg tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm lus

Cov lus

Cov lus yog cov qauv tsim hauv hom lus uas tau tsim los ntawm cov chav npaj npaj - cov lus thiab cov chav nyob hauv kab lus - nrog lossis tsis muaj cov lus ua haujlwm (prepositions) raws li qee txoj cai ntawm ib hom lus. Syntax yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm raws nraim li txoj cai cov lus tau muab ua ke rau hauv kab lus thiab txhais tau li cas.

Yuav tsim ib kab lus, nws tsis txaus los nqa ob lo lus thiab muab lawv ua ke. Ua ntej, lawv yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub ntsiab lus. Cia peb hais cov lus "finch" thiab "lop-eared" tuaj yeem ua ke tau yooj yim raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv(lop-eared finches, lop-eared finches, thiab lwm yam), txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus no yuav tawm tsam qhov kev sib txuas. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias ob qho tib si ntawm cov lus no lossis ib qho ntawm lawv tau siv los ua qhov kev xav. Piv txwv li, "chaffinch" tuaj yeem hu ua tus menyuam dev uas feem ntau khov, ces txhua yam yuav zoo tag nrho nrog cov lus "fold-eared finch". Cov no yog cov lus nug nthuav, tab sis syntax cuam tshuam nrog lawv tsis ncaj, qhov no yog ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm semantics thiab semasiology - kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus.

syntax yog ib ceg ntawm science ntawm lus
syntax yog ib ceg ntawm science ntawm lus

Syntax yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm cov kab lus los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lawv txoj kev sib txuas. Syntaxists txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm vim li cas qee qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus tau pom los ntawm cov neeg hais lus zoo li grammatically raug, thaum lwm tus tsis yog. Qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog "dej xiav" thiab "dej xiav". Hauv thawj kis, txoj cai ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm adjective thiab noun raug ua txhaum cai. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lub adjective (txhais tau tias) yuav tsum rov ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub npe (txhais) thiaj li hais tias cov kab lus kom raug. Yog li ntawd, syntax yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm cov kab lus los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm grammatical.

Kev

Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog tsim los ntawm cov lus, thiab cov kab lus tau muab ua ke rau hauv kab lus. Syntax yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm los ntawm cov cai dab tsi thiab raws li cov qauv no tshwm sim. Muaj ntau cov lus nug los kawm thiab tshawb fawb, thiab qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los pom qhov no yog nrog piv txwv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm hom lus. Hais, hauv kab lus Askiv, lub hauv paus grammatical yuav tsum suav nrogyuav tsum muaj ob qhov kev kawm thiab cov predicate. Yog hais tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus tsis hais txog ib qho kev kawm, nws tseem yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm ua raws. - Nws (txoj kev kawm, uas tsis tsim nyog ntawm lub ntsiab lus) yog los nag.

kab lus kawm syntax
kab lus kawm syntax

Hauv lus Lavxias, lub hauv paus grammatical tuaj yeem sawv cev hauv ib lo lus: "Nws los nag txhua lub sijhawm"; "Hnub no txias"; "Nws tau tsaus ntuj sai sai thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg." Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab lus no, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub qhov txawv cov ntsiab lus thiab predicates, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab lus (nag, txias, tsaus ntuj) yog ob qho tib si cov ntsiab lus thiab cov predicate (syntactic functions yog paub los ntawm lawv syncretically). Ntau voluminous koom haum - ntawv - kuj kawm los ntawm syntax.

Punctuation

Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg hais lus kom nkag siab tias syntax yog dab tsi? Punctuation (txoj cai kom raug) yog raws li kev paub syntactic, yog li ntawd, txhawm rau sau kom raug, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab tsis yog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov nuances ntawm syntax. Piv txwv li, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom nkag siab qhov twg yuav muab ib qho comma rau hauv kab lus nyuaj yam tsis paub tias kab lus nyuaj yog dab tsi thiab tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau thaj tsam ntawm nws qhov chaw.

Yog li, syntax yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm cov ntawv, cov cai ntawm kev tsim kab lus thiab sib txuas lus rau hauv kab lus. Kev paub ntawm cov ntawv sau yog raws li syntax.

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