Ntau tus menyuam kawm ntawv, cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab txawm tias cov neeg laus muaj siab xav paub ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem kawm pom qhov yuam kev hauv kev sau ntawv (cov ntawv sau, sau ntawv, sau ntawv) txhua lub hnub nyoog. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua raws qee cov cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, saib lawv hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv.
Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov yuam kev hauv Lavxias
Kev ua yuam kev hauv kev hais lus lossis sau ntawv tsis zoo ib yam. Kev hais lus, grammatical, kev sau ntawv, sau ntawv yuam kev muaj qhov sib txawv. Kev hais lus thiab grammatical yuam kev yog txuam nrog ntau dua nrog cov ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qee cov lus. Kev sau ntawv thiab cim cim yuam kev muaj feem cuam tshuam rau sab nraud ntawm cov lus no.
Kev sau yuam kev tuaj yeem pom hauv ib lo lus uas sawv ib leeg, tshem tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Lwm qhov yuam kev: sau ntawv, hais lus, sau ntawv - tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas yam tsis muaj ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, kev sau ntawv yuam kev hauv lo lus hnub so tuaj yeem pom tam sim ntawd (ib qho lus tsis muaj suab, hnub so kom raug). Kev hais lus yuam kev hauv kab lus Tus me nyuam xav tau kev saib xyuas niam yog pomtsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus (nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lo lus tu, txij li lo lus tu muaj homonyms). Qhov yuam kev grammatical tsuas tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus, piv txwv li, Chav nyob dav thiab lub teeb (dav thiab lub teeb, dav thiab lub teeb). Cov ntawv sau yuam kev tsis tuaj yeem tshawb pom yam tsis muaj kev vam khom rau kab lus lossis ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv li, Kev Hlub: Kev ua neej tsis yog rau koj tus kheej nkaus xwb yog qhov yuam kev thaum xaiv cov cim cim ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus qhia (yog: Kev hlub yog ua neej nyob tsis yog rau koj tus kheej nkaus xwb).
Cov ntawv sau. Cov cim cim
Punctuation is a set of rules for the correct punctuation in sau ntawv. Cov cim cov ntaub ntawv tseem hu ua cov cim cim. Cov lus Lavxias siv kaum tus lej cim. Peb ntawm lawv yog cov cim qhia txog kev ua tiav ntawm kev xav: ib lub sij hawm, ib lo lus nug cim, ib qho exclamation point - lawv nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab lus. Ib qho - ib qho cim ntawm kev xav tsis tiav - ib qho ellipsis, uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib feem ntawm kab lus. Cov cim qhia ntawm cov lus tsis tiav yog comma, khiav ceev, nyuv, semicolon. Lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm ib kab lus. Muaj ob lub cim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab - cov no yog brackets thiab quotes. Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv yog muab rau hauv kab lus. Quotation marks enclose npe thiab hais ncaj qha. Hauv lwm hom lus, muaj qee qhov cim qhia. Piv txwv li, cov lus nug inverted hauv lus Mev lossis ib nqe lus hauv lus Askiv.
Point chart
Ob lub cim cim thiab qhov chaw hu ua punctogram. Cov lus nyob rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab kab lus yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm ib leegqhov chaw, nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog cov cim cim cim. Piv txwv li, lub hnub, nthwv dej, seagulls - txhua yam nyob rau hauv seaside resorts. Cia peb sib piv, lub hnub thiab seagulls yog tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv seaside resorts - nws muab tawm los ua ib tug kab ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntawv uas nyuaj rau nyeem. Yog li, cov cim cim thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm cais cov lus thiab kab lus ntawm ib leeg.
Punctograms ua ntau hom lus
Muaj lus (xws li Suav, Nyij Pooj) uas tsis muaj chaw.
Cov ntawv nyeem zoo li tsis tau nyeem thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tab sis yog tias koj saib ze, nws muaj ntau cov cim cim uas ua haujlwm los faib cov kev xeem ua ntu, nrog rau qhia cov yam ntxwv muaj nyob hauv cov lus no (longitude, brevity, thiab lwm yam). Yog hais tias peb tig mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, ces nyob rau hauv lub qub Slavonic lus cov ntawv sau tsis muaj cov cim cim thiab qhov chaw. Cov kab lus tsis tshua sib cais los ntawm cov dots. Cov tsiaj ntawv loj tau sau tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm tshooj tshiab. Tab sis nws muaj cov cim sau ntau dua li niaj hnub Lavxias: supra- thiab subscript.
Puj sauv yuam kev
Cov ntawv sau raws li kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb rau cov neeg hais lus. Tom qab tag nrho, kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntawv sau yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb cov cim cim lossis lawv qhov tsis tuaj. Piv txwv li, kab lus Ua phooj ywg tsis tuaj yeem sib ntaus - twv yuav raug hu yuav tsum muaj cov cim cim rau nws qhov kev nkag siab txaus. Ntawm no, qhov kev teeb tsa raug ntawm lub cim: Ua phooj ywg, koj tsis tuaj yeem sib ntaus - nws nyob ntawm seb cov kab lus nyeem li cas thiab cov ntaub ntawv nkag siab. Kev sau ntawv tsis raug yog tus sau ntawv yuam kev.
Ib qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov cim cim, tab sis muaj lwm qhov lossis tsis muaj, yog hu ua qhov yuam kev. Piv txwv li, lub hnub, tshav kub nrog nws cov rays, sawv siab - qhov no yog ib kab lus uas ua yuam kev. Kev kho cov ntawv sau yuam kev yog ua raws li kev paub txog cov cai sau ntawv. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib cais ntawm kev koom nrog kev hloov pauv: kev koom nrog kev hloov pauv, nyob tom qab lo lus tau hais tseg, yog qhov txawv ntawm commas: Lub Hnub, ua kom sov lub teb nrog nws cov rays, sawv siab. Ntawm no, kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho kab lus nyob ntawm qhov raug faib ntawm kev koom nrog kev hloov pauv.
Yuav ua li cas rau sau ntawv yuam kev
Cov qauv sau ntawv thiab cov lej yuam kev muaj ntau dua li lwm tus hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem siab.
Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov syntax yuav nyuaj dua hauv tsev kawm theem siab. Thaum kawm cov kab lus yooj yooj yim thiab nyuaj, cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia txog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov cim cim, uas nyuaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab kom paub. Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev paub txog cov cim cim yog txo cov sij hawm faib rau kev sau ntawv. Txhua xyoo feem pua ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas tsis nyeem ntawv yog nce. Yog li ntawd, muaj teeb meem hauv kev nkag siab thiab kev nyeem ntawv ntawm cov ntawv. Kev tiv thaiv thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv sau yuam kev yuav tsum tau ua ncaj qha rau hauv cov txheej txheem sau ntawv. Txwv tsis pub, yuav tsis muaj kev faib cov ntawv nyeem rau hauv cov khoom tawg. Tag nrho cov kab lus tseem ceebthaum sau ntawv, tsis yog tom qab sau ntawv.
Puas lus hauv kab lus yooj yim
Nyob hauv kab lus yooj yim, uas yog, hauv kab lus uas muaj ib lub hauv paus grammatical, yog tias nws tsis nyuaj, tsis muaj cov cim cim sau tseg, tshwj tsis yog qhov kawg thiab cov cim. Piv txwv li, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom hluas hauv siab. Tus cheetah nyob qhov twg? Caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog lub sijhawm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lub xyoo! Yog hais tias ib kab lus yooj yim yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm ib yam dab tsi, ces commas muab tso rau hauv nws, qee zaum khiav nrawm thiab nyuv. Ua kom nyuaj ib kab lus yooj yim tuaj yeem:
- Similar Members: Hiav txwv txaws thiab ua si. Muaj oyster nceb, mis nyuj nceb, chanterelles nyob rau hauv lub pob tawb.
- cais cov tswv cuab: Ib lub vase uas muaj paj nyob rau ntawm lub rooj. Nws tus muam, Elena Lvovna, ua haujlwm hauv TV.
- Lus: Lisa, hais kom nrov dua. Hiav txwv, koj zoo nkauj!
- Cov lus qhia thiab kab lus: Tej zaum yuav yog huab cua ntshiab hnub no. Raws li tus kws lij choj, rooj plaub yuav tsum txuas ntxiv mus.
Nyob hauv kab lus yooj yooj yim, cov ntawv sau yuam kev, piv txwv uas tau muab hauv qab no, muaj ntau.
| Sentence with a wrong | Rule | kab lus kho kom raug |
| Jasmine bloomed ntawm ntug hav zoov zais ntawm cov ntoo. | Kev koom nrog yog sib cais nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm tom qab lo lus tseem ceeb | Nyob ntawm ntug hav zoov, zais ntawm cov ntoo, jasmine blossomed. |
| Txhua yam haum tus ntxhais huab tais lub tsev ua si pas dej. | Thaum cov lus hais dav dav los ua ntej ntau tus tswvcuab homogeneous, ib txoj hnyuv raug muab tso rau tom qab lo lus generalizing. | Txhua yam haum tus ntxhais huabtais: tsev, chaw ua si, pas dej. |
Puj nqe lus hauv kab lus sib xyaw
Hauv kab lus nyuaj, koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim cim. Hauv kev sau cov kab lus nyuaj, cov cim cim feem ntau ua yuam kev. Qhov no tej zaum yog vim muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev xaav ntawm cov syntactic ntev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom nkag siab yog tias yuav tsum muaj cov cim cim ntawm cov kab lus nyuaj. Yog hais tias qhov no yog ib kab lus sib xyaw, ces ib qho comma tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke: Nws tau dhuav, thiab nws tau txhais. Yog hais tias cov seem ntawm cov kab lus no muaj ib tug tswv cuab, tsis tas yuav muaj ib tug comma: Rau ib lub hlis nws twb dhuav thiab nws xav tau (tus tswv cuab yog ib lub hlis tag nrho). Nyob rau hauv ib kab lus complex, ib tug comma yog etched ntawm lub hlws ris ntawm subordinate qhov chaw thiab lub ntsiab ib: Cov txiv neej mus nuv ntses thaum kaj ntug los txog.
Qhia thiab hais lus ncaj
Kev hais lus thiab hais ncaj qha zoo ib yam uas lawv siv cov lus hais. Cov cai hais lus kuj zoo ib yam. Quotes muab tso rau hauv quotes thiab hais ncaj qha ib yam nkaus.
Yog tus sau cov lus no ua ntej ib nqe lus / hais ncaj qha, ces muab ib tug tso rau tom qab lawv: Tus sau hais tias: "Tsis muaj phooj ywg zoo dua lub siab." Nws hais tias, "Kuv yuav mus tom tiaj ua si tom qab ua haujlwm." Yog hais tias tus sau cov lus ua raws li ib tug quotation / hais ncaj qha, ces lawv yog preceded los ntawm ib tug comma thiab ib tug dash: "Tsis muaj ib tug zoo phooj ywg tshaj lub siab xav," tus sau hais tias. "Kuv yuav mus tom tiaj ua si tom qab ua haujlwm," nws hais. Kev hais lus tsuas yog muab nrog qhov qhia txog qhov chaw:"Vim tias kuv ua rau nws qaug cawv nrog kev nyuaj siab" (A. A. Akhmatova). Kev hais lus ncaj qha hauv kev sib tham tuaj yeem tsim tawm raws li cov qauv sib txawv yam tsis muaj cov lus hais. Ces ib tug khiav ceev yog muab tso ua ntej nqe lus, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug tshiab kab:
- Nyob zoo tav su!
- Zoo! Kuv yuav pab tau koj li cas?
- Kuv txaus siab rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm.
