lo lus "tsis tseem ceeb" txhais li cas? Peb yog accustomed mus siv nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis zoo txoj kev. Tab sis nws puas yog txoj cai los xav txog cov lus "tsis tseem ceeb" raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm "banal", "primitive" lossis txawm tias "vulgar"? Lo lus zoo li txawv teb chaws tuaj qhov twg los? Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xav txog ntau yam versions ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub sij hawm, nws ntxiv metamorphoses thiab rooting nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Cia peb nco ntsoov tias thaum twg nws tsim nyog siv lo lus no. Peb kuj tseem yuav tshawb txog cov lus nug ntawm vim li cas qee cov neeg tshawb fawb pedants xav txog cov lus "qab zib", "salpeter" lossis "strawberry" los ua cov lus tsis tseem ceeb thiab.
thawj version ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus
Txhua tus kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias "tsis tseem ceeb" yog lo lus Latin nrog rau lus Lavxias xaus, muaj nyob hauv cov npe. Qhov ze tshaj plaws txhais lus ntawm lub sij hawm trivialis yog "los ntawm peb txoj kev". Dab tsi yog nyob rautxoj kev sib tshuam nyob rau hauv ancient settlements ntawm teb chaws Europe? Cov keeb kwm hais tias nws yog qhov chaw rau fairs lossis tavern. Hauv cov chaw zoo li no, cov neeg zoo tib yam tau sib sau ua ke, sib tham txog cov xov xwm uas txhua tus tau hnov, thiab kev sib cav tsis yog nyob rau theem siab tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, thawj zaug hauv Fab Kis, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv lwm yam lus, cov lus "trivialis", uas yog, "kev sib tshuam ntawm peb txoj kev", tau txais lub ntsiab lus allegorical. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog qee yam yooj yim, tsis yooj yim. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes - rov hais dua tom qab cov neeg txawj ntse, hnav tawm, raug ntaus, tsis muaj tseeb. Yav dhau los, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lub sij hawm nqa lub semantic load "txhua hnub", "zoo tib yam", tab sis maj mam tau txais ib tug tsis zoo connotation - "vulgar".
thib ob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus
Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb pom qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus "tsis tseem ceeb". Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kawm medieval classical. Thaum tus tub txawj nyeem ntawv, sau ntawv thiab suav, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub no, "chaw npaj npaj" ntawm tsev kawm qib siab. Nyob ntawd nws kawm txog "trivium" - peb yam txuj ci dawb. Cov qauv sau ntawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov kev paub. Nws suav nrog kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab txawm paub txog kev kos duab ntawm kev txheeb xyuas. Rhetoric, raws li Raban Mavr, ua kom nws ua tau kom raug thiab qhia meej ib qho kev xav (ob qho tib si hauv kev sau ntawv thiab rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib), thiab kuj tau qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev cai lij choj. Nws kuj yog kev kos duab ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv raug cai thiab khaws cia. Thiab thaum kawg, dialectics, lossis logic, yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm txhua yam kev tshawb fawb. Muaj peev xwm xav thiab sib cav. Qhov no yogkev kos duab dawb tau nkag siab nrog kev pab ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Aristotle hauv kev txhais lus ntawm Boethius. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tsis muaj dab tsi txaj muag hauv lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus "tsis tseem ceeb". Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tus uas tau paub txog trivium twb tau suav hais tias yog tus neeg txawj ntse, kawm tau zoo.
Ntxhais lus dag
Nws tuaj qhov twg los ntawm qhov "tsis tseem ceeb" yog ib yam dab tsi banal, tsis muaj originality thiab novelty, ib yam dab tsi uas tsis muaj davhlau ntawm kev xav lossis ntsuj plig? Tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov trivium tsuas yog thawj (thiab qis tshaj) qib hauv kev kawm ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Tom ntej no, tus menyuam kawm ntawv kawm "quadrivium" (quadrivium). Qib no suav nrog plaub yam txuj ci kev ywj pheej - suab paj nruag, lej lej, geometry thiab astronomy. Nws yuav tsum tau xav tias medieval studios kuj muaj lawv tus kheej "hazing", qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug dismissive cwj pwm ntawm cov tseem "uncouth" comrades los ntawm junior kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm ib tug zoo-kev cob qhia cleric, "tus txiv neej tsis tseem ceeb" yog ib tug uas tau mastered tsuas yog trivium. Qhov ntawd yog, peb tab tom tham txog kev tso tawm nrog kev kawm tsis tiav.
"Tseeb": Lub ntsiab lus hauv Chemistry, Biology thiab Mathematics
Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm tib neeg kev paub, lo lus tsis tas yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo. Yog tias qee yam khoom lossis cov kab mob muaj sia tau txais lawv lub npe txawm tias ua ntej kev qhia txog kev tshawb fawb nomenclature, uas muab lub npe ntawm cov khoom raws li lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv molecular lossis cov ntaub ntawv phylogenetic, lawv suav tias yog "tsis tseem ceeb". Xws li yog qab zib (α-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranoside), hausdej qab zib (sodium bicarbonate), strawberries (lub vaj strawberries) los yog hmo ntuj dig muag (caustic buttercup). Hauv kev ua lej, qhov tsis tseem ceeb yog qee tus lej uas ze rau xoom. Raws li cov lej lej uas ua haujlwm ntawm cov lej no.
Siv hais lus sib tham
Tab sis "tsis tseem ceeb" raws li cov lus tshawb fawb yog qhov zam rau txoj cai. Hauv kev siv lo lus, lo lus no nqa qhov tseeb semantic load. Cov no yog cov lus banal, ntaus, hnav tawm maxims. Hauv kev hais txog kev hnav khaub ncaws, lo lus tuaj yeem txhais tau hais tias muaj kev sib haum xeeb, tsis muaj style thiab originality. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib yam dab tsi yooj yim los yog tau txais kev tso cai yog hais tias tsis tseem ceeb. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus qhia hauv qhov no yog "qhov chaw." Qee lub sij hawm ntiav, banal kev xav yog hu ua tsis tseem ceeb, thaum ib tug neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov tswv yim stereotyped. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lo lus no muaj ib tug connotation ntawm vulgarity thiab earthiness. Hais txog ib tug neeg hais tias nws yog ib tug sheer triviality txhais tau hais tias nws yog boring thiab uninteresting. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej hu rau koj tus interlocutor li ntawd, xav txog nws, vim hais tias tej zaum nws yuav chim.
