Introduction
Koj tau tsiv mus rau qib xya thiab, thaum tuaj kawm ntawv rau lub Cuaj Hlis 1, koj pom ib qho kev kawm hu ua "Physics" hauv cov npe ntawm koj cov lus qhia tshiab. Rau koj lo lus nug txog seb nws yog tsiaj dab tsi, cov niam txiv tsuas yoj nws tawm: "Kev tshawb fawb zoo li ntawd!" Tab sis koj xav kom npaj txhij ua ntej thawj zaj lus qhia ntawm physics kom koj tsis txhob xav tsis thoob thaum nws kawm. Raws li txhua tus paub, kev tshawb fawb tau muab faib ua txhua ntu, thiab ib qho uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no tsis muaj qhov zam. Cov ceg ntawm physics muaj dab tsi, thiab lawv kawm dab tsi? Nov yog cov lus nug nyob hauv kab lus no.
ntu tseem ceeb ntawm physics
Cov ncauj lus no tau muab faib ua peb ntu loj, uas, dhau los, muab faib ua ntu ntu. Thiab cov tom kawg kuj tau muab faib ua hom ntawm cov ntu no. Yog li, tsuas muaj peb ntu ntawm physics uas tuaj yeem hu ua qhov yooj yim: macroscopic, microscopic thiab physics ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Cia peb saib lawv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim.
1. Macroscopic Physics
- Mechanics. Kawm txog kev txav mus los thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev. Nws muab faib ua classical, relativistic thiab continuum mechanics (hydrodynamics, acoustics, solid mechanics).
- Thermodynamics. Nws kawm txog kev hloov pauv thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov cua sov thiab lwm yam ntawm lub zog.
- Optics. Tshawb xyuas cov phenomena txuam nrogpropagation ntawm electromagnetic tsis (infrared thiab ultraviolet hluav taws xob), i.e. piav txog cov khoom ntawm lub teeb thiab lub teeb txheej txheem. Muab faib ua lub cev, molecular, nonlinear thiab crystal optics.
- Electrodynamics. Kawm txog electromagnetic teb thiab nws cov kev cuam tshuam nrog lub cev uas muaj hluav taws xob. Tshooj lus no tau muab faib ua electrodynamics ntawm nruam xov xwm, magnetohydrodynamics thiab electrohydrodynamics.
2. Microscopic physics
- Atomic physics. Koom nrog kev kawm txog cov qauv thiab lub xeev ntawm atoms.
- Static physics. Kev tshawb fawb tshuab nrog tus lej arbitrary ntawm qib kev ywj pheej. Muab faib ua static mechanics, static field theory and physical kinetics.
- Physics ntawm condensed teeb meem. Kawm txog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj nrog kev sib txuas ua ke. Muab faib rau hauv physics ntawm cov khib nyiab, kua, nanostructures, atoms thiab molecules.
- Quantum physics. Nws kawm txog quantum-field thiab quantum-mechanical systems thiab cov cai ntawm lawv cov lus tsa suab. Muab faib ua quantum mechanics, field theory, electrodynamics and chromodynamics, as well as string theory.
- Nuclear physics. Koom nrog hauv kev kawm txog cov khoom thiab cov qauv ntawm atomic nuclei thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear.
- High zog physics. Xav txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm atomic nuclei thiab/lossis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thaum lawv lub zog sib tsoo ntau dua li lawv qhov hnyav.
- Physics ntawm theem pib. Kev tshawb fawb cov khoom, cov qauv thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom hauv theem pib.
3. Physics ntawm kev sib tshuamsciences
- Agrophysics. Koom nrog hauv kev kawm txog physicochemical thiab biophysical txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv av.
- Acousto-optics. Kawm txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm acoustic thiab optical waves.
- Astrophysics. Koom nrog kev kawm txog lub cev tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv hnub qub.
- Biophysics. Kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev uas tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob lom.
- Kev suav physics. Nws kawm txog zauv algorithms los daws cov teeb meem physics uas ib qho kev tshawb xav ntau tau tsim lawm.
- Hydrophysics. Koom nrog hauv kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv dej thiab nws lub cev.
- Geophysics. Tshawb cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm kev siv lub cev.
- lej physics. Kev xav ntawm lej qauv ntawm lub cev phenomena.
- Radiophysics. Nws kawm oscillatory-yoj txheej txheem ntawm ntau yam xwm.
- Theory of oscillations. Xav txog txhua yam kev hloov pauv, raws li lawv lub cev.
- Txoj kev xav ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Kev ua lej ua lej tsim los kawm thiab piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los.
- Tshuaj physics. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cai ntawm lub cev uas tswj kev hloov pauv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj.
- Physics ntawm huab cua. Koom nrog kev kawm txog cov qauv, muaj pes tsawg leeg, dynamics, thiab phenomena nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lwm yam ntiaj chaw.
- Plasma physics. Kawm txog cov khoom thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm plasma.
- Physical chemistry. Koom nrog hauv kev kawm txog tshuaj phenomena siv theoretical thiab kev sim ntawm physics.
Zoo kawg
Cov no yog txhua ceg ntawm physics. Nrog qee qhov ntawm lawv (piv txwv li, optics) koj yuav paub meej hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab qee qhov koj yuav kawm hauv lub koom haum yog tias koj nkag mus rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm tib lub npe. Thiab koj tuaj yeem kawm txog qhov tob ntawm physics hauv tsev txhua lub sijhawm yooj yim.
