Tus kws kho mob Lavxias teb sab Abram Ioffe tau tso tseg qhov cim tsis nco qab. Thaum nws lub neej nws tau sau ntau phau ntawv thiab ib phau ntawv xov xwm loj uas luam tawm hauv 30 phaus. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws qhib ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm tiav. Abram Fedorovich nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm los ua "txiv ntawm Soviet physics."
Cov ntawv luv luv ntawm Abram Fedorovich Iofe
Tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo tau yug hauv xyoo 1880 thaum Lub Kaum Hli 29 hauv nroog Romny, uas yog lub sijhawm ntawd nyob rau hauv lub xeev Poltava. Nws tsev neeg yog phooj ywg thiab zoo siab. Thaum tus tub hluas muaj 9 xyoos, nws nkag mus rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tiag tiag, uas nyob hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes, qhov chaw uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev kawm lej. Nws nyob ntawm no tias tus kws kho mob tau txais nws qhov kev kawm theem nrab thiab daim ntawv pov thawj xyoo 1897. Ntawm no nws tau ntsib nws tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj Stepan Timoshenko.
Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm qib siab hauv tib lub xyoo, nws nkag mus rau Technological St. Petersburg University.
Kawm tiav los ntawm nws xyoo 1902 thiab tam sim ntawd thov mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, uas nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, hauv Munich. Ntawm no nws pib ua hauj lwm, nws tus thawj cojyog German physicist W. K. Roentgen. Nws tau qhia nws pawg ntseeg ntau, thiab ua tsaug rau nws, tus kws tshawb fawb hluas Abram Ioffe tau txais thawj qib kws kho mob ntawm Science.
Nyob rau xyoo 1906, tus txiv neej tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum Polytechnic, qhov twg 12 xyoo tom qab, uas yog, xyoo 1918, nws tau tsim thawj tus kws qhia lub cev thiab tshuab tshuab los tsim cov kws tshaj lij physicists.
Abram Ioffe txheeb xyuas cov nqi hluav taws xob qis rov qab rau xyoo 1911, tab sis nws tsis siv nws lub tswv yim, tab sis tus kws kho mob Asmeskas Millikan. Txawm li cas los xij, nws luam tawm nws txoj haujlwm tsuas yog hauv xyoo 1913, raws li nws xav tshuaj xyuas qee qhov nuances. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim uas tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ua ntej, thiab yog vim li cas lub npe ntawm Millikan tau hais hauv qhov kev sim, thiab tsis yog Ioffe.
Ioffe thawj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog nws tus tswv txoj haujlwm thesis, uas nws tau tiv thaiv xyoo 1913. Ob xyoos tom qab, xyoo 1915, nws tau sau thiab tiv thaiv nws tus kws kho mob thesis.
Xyoo 1918, nws tau ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Kho Mob Kho Mob, thiab tseem tau ua tus thawj coj hauv Physics thiab Technology Department ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Peb xyoos tom qab ntawd (hauv xyoo 1921) nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Physics thiab Technology, uas niaj hnub no hu ua AF Ioffe.
Physicist siv sijhawm 6 xyoo los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm All-Lavxias Lub Koom Haum ntawm Physicists, pib xyoo 1924. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Agrophysical University.
Xyoo 1934, Abram thiab lwm tus thawj coj tau tsim lub club muaj tswv yim ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thiab thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II nws tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm pawg thawj coj hais txog cov khoom siv tub rog.
Xyoo 1942 yoglub taub hau ntawm tub rog engineering commission nyob rau hauv Leningrad City Committee ntawm CPSU.
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1950, Abram Fedorovich raug tshem tawm ntawm lub taub hau, tab sis thaum pib ntawm 1952 nws tau tsim ib lub chaw kuaj mob semiconductor raws li Lub Chaw Haujlwm Physics ntawm Novosibirsk State University, thiab ob xyoos tom qab (1954).) nws tau teeb tsa lub koom haum semiconductor, uas tau dhau los ua kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig.
Abram Iofe mob siab rau yuav luag 60 xyoo rau physics. Lub sijhawm no, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tau sau tseg, kev tshawb fawb tsis txaus ntseeg tau ua tiav, thiab ntau lub tuam tsev thiab tsev kawm tau qhib uas tau mob siab rau tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo. A. F. Ioffe tuag ntawm nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 14, 1960. Nws tsis nyob me ntsis txog rau hnub hloov pauv - 80 xyoo. Nws raug faus rau hauv St. Petersburg ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Volkovsky tojntxas "Literary Bridges".
Koj pom hauv daim duab ntawm Abram Ioffe, uas tau txais kev hwm ntawm cov neeg ua tsaug rau nws lub siab. Tom qab tag nrho, ntau xyoo dhau los txij thaum nws tuag, thiab hnub no koj tuaj yeem hnov txog nws hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv tebchaws.
Lub neej ntiag tug
Abram Fedorovich tau sib yuav ob zaug. Thawj thawj zaug nws muaj ib tug hlub poj niam nyob rau hauv 1910 - qhov no yog Kravtsova Vera Andreevna. Nws yog thawj tus poj niam ntawm physicist. Lawv yuav luag tam sim ntawd muaj ib tug ntxhais, Valentina, uas thaum kawg ua raws li nws txiv tus taw thiab tau los ua ib tug kws kho mob nto moo ntawm lub cev thiab lej sciences, coj mus kuaj hauv tsev kawm qib siab ntawm silicate chemistry. Nws tau sib yuav Cov Neeg Artist, Opera Singer S. I. Migai.
Hmoov tsis zoo, Abram tsis tau sib yuav rau Vera ntev, thiab xyoo 1928 nws tau sib yuav thib ob rau Anna Vasilievna Echeistova. Nws kuj yogib tug physicist thiab zoo kawg nkaus to taub nws tus txiv, nws txoj hauj lwm, tus cwj pwm ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg. Yog vim li no ob niam txiv thiaj nyob tau ntev, muaj kev zoo siab.
Creative activity
Txawm tias thaum tseem hluas, Ioffe tau txheeb xyuas nws tus kheej lub ntsiab hauv kev tshawb fawb. Qhov no yog lub physics ntawm nucleus, polymers thiab semiconductors. Nws txoj hauj lwm tau nto moo nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv. Ioffe mob siab rau lawv rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm semiconductors.
cheeb tsam no tau tsim tsis yog los ntawm tus kws kho mob nws tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ntau tom qab ntawd, Ioffe tau tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm physics uas nto moo thoob plaws lub tebchaws.
koom tes ua haujlwm
Lub npe ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws, uas piav txog nws qhov kev ua tiav thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev nce qib. Cov phau ntawv kuj tham txog lub koom haum kev ua ub no ntawm physicist, uas yog heev ntau haiv neeg thiab multifaceted. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tag nrho nws los ntawm txhua sab.
Iofe koom nrog hauv pawg ntseeg ntawm NTO VSNKh, yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg kws tshawb fawb, tsim Agrophysical University, lub koom haum ntawm Semiconductors, University of Macromolecular Compounds. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koom haum ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau pom nyob rau hauv Academy of Sciences, npaj cov rooj sib tham thiab ntau lub rooj sib tham.
khoom plig, lub npe thiab khoom plig
Physicist Ioffe Abram Fedorovich nyob rau hauv 1933 tau txais lub koob npe nrov - Honored Scientist ntawm RSFSR, thiab nyob rau hauv 1955 nyob rau hauv nws lub hnub yug nws tau txais lub title - Hero of Socialist Labor. Tau txais 3 qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin (hauv 1940, 1945, 1955).
Physicstau txais txiaj ntsig tom qab nrog Lenin nqi zog hauv xyoo 1961. Rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb, A. Ioffe tau txais Stalin Prize ntawm thawj qib hauv xyoo 1942.
Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb
Nyob rau hauv nco txog AF Ioffe, ib qho kev cuam tshuam loj heev nyob rau sab qab teb hemisphere tau muab lub npe ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib lub tsev kawm tshawb fawb loj hauv tebchaws Russia tau muaj npe tom qab nws rov qab los rau xyoo 1960, lub monument rau tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim tsa hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab lub bust me me tau teeb tsa hauv lub rooj sib txoos ntawm tib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis deb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov twg lub tsev thib ob nyob, muaj ib daim ntawv nco txog, uas qhia tau hais tias xyoo twg tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm ntawm no.
Ib txoj kev hauv Berlin tau muaj npe hauv nco txog Joffe. Tsis deb ntawm lub tsev kawm tshawb fawb muaj lub npe nrov Academician Ioffe Square. Tsis nyuaj los twv seb leej twg lub npe.
Nyob hauv nroog Romny muaj tsev kawm ntawv 2, yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tiag. Tam sim no nws muaj npe tom qab tus kws tshawb fawb zoo.
Ntxiv mus, tsis yog nyob rau hauv Russia xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, muaj ntau pictorial, nraaj thiab sculptural portraits ntawm lub physicist, uas yog depicted los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam txhua lub sijhawm.
Thiab tseem muaj ntau tus pej xeem paub txog tus txiv neej no uas ua rau lub cev nthuav dav thiab ci ntsa iab.
Bibliography
Peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov keeb kwm ntawm Abram Ioffe luv luv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv xav hais txog cov ntaub ntawv uas tus kws tshawb fawb sau. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia lub Great Soviet encyclopedia. Nws tau pib tawm hauv xyoo 1926. Tom qab tuagphysics txuas ntxiv luam tawm thiab qhov kawg ntim tau luam tawm xyoo 1990.
Ntau tom qab tom qab thawj phau ntawv, xyoo 1957, phau ntawv "Physics of Semiconductors" tau tshwm sim, uas piav qhia tsis yog tsuas yog txoj kev xav xwb, tab sis kuj tseem qhia txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub tebchaws.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Ioffe muaj phau ntawv zoo "Ntawm Physics thiab Physicists", uas piav qhia txog txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. Feem ntau ntawm phau ntawv yog npaj rau cov neeg nyeem uas xav paub txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tshawb fawb.
Phau ntawv "Lub Rooj Sib Tham nrog Physicists" qhia li cas tus kws tshawb fawb tau ntsib nrog ntau tus kws tshawb fawb Soviet thiab txawv teb chaws, lawv tau tshawb fawb ua ke, qhib lub koom haum thiab chaw haujlwm.
Dhau li ntawm, muaj cov phau ntawv mob siab rau tus kws tshawb fawb zoo Abram Fedorovich Ioffe. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog "Successes nyob rau hauv lub cev sciences." Phau ntawv no tau mob siab rau hnub ntawm 80th hnub tseem ceeb. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1950 lawv tau tso tawm ib phau, uas tau mob siab rau hnub ntawm 70th hnub tseem ceeb.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, vim nws tau sau ntau dhau lawm. Tom qab tag nrho, tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm rau cov haujlwm thiab kev tshawb fawb txog 60 xyoo.
Zoo kawg
Cov ntawv sau txog Abram Fedorovich Ioffe yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis yog txhua tus neeg yuav muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm rau kev tshawb fawb tag nrho nws lub neej, ua qee yam kev tshawb fawb, qhib tsev kawm ntawv, qhia tib neeg thiab tuaj nrog cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm lub cev. Nws yog tus uas qhia cov neeg yuav muab lawv tus kheej mus ua hauj lwm, lawv lub teb chaws thiab science.
Hmoov tsis zoo, tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem ua kev zoo siab rau nws lub hnub nyoog yim caum, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam. Thiab niaj hnub no cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab lawv cov xib fwb siv cov txheej txheem nto moophysics Abram Fedorovich Ioffe.
