Aleksey Lykov yog ib tus kws tshaj lij Soviet thermophysicists uas tau daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov cua sov thiab huab cua hloov pauv. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, nws tau txais kev lees paub nyob rau hauv domestic thiab txawv teb chaws scientific voj voog. Nws tej hauj lwm tau ua lub hauv paus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshav kub engineering kev lag luam thiab ua classic phau ntawv rau kev cob qhia cov neeg ua hauj lwm engineering nyob rau hauv lub Soviet era. Nws nkag mus hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb ua tsaug rau "Lykov effect" - qhov tshwm sim ntawm thermal diffusion ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv capillary-porous cov ntaub ntawv.
Aleksey Vasilyevich Lykov yug rau lub Cuaj Hlis 7, 1910 hauv Kostroma. Tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau siv nws thaum yau hauv lub zos Bolshie Soli (tam sim no Nekrasovskoye). Lub zog-willed xwm ntawm nws niam nws txiv tau los ua lub hauv paus rau nws upbringing, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub Orthodox tub lag luam kab lig kev cai. Hnub Sunday, tsev neeg tau mus xyuas lub tuam tsev, thaum noj hmo txhua leej txhua tus tuaj ntawm lub rooj thiab sib tham txog xov xwm tshiab, thiab thaum yav tsaus ntuj muaj suab paj nruag thiab kev ua si (kev caij tsheb kauj vab thiab ua si croquet).
Nws thaum yau coincided nrog lub sij hawm nyuaj nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia - lub NEP thiab lub tsev ntawm socialism, nom tswv kev tsuj thiab "pururges". Thaum twg los xij, tsev neeg tuaj yeem ua tauntes lossis rhuav tshem rau "tsis yog-proletarian" keeb kwm.
Txawm tias thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, Alexei Lykov tau paub qhov txawv ntawm lub peev xwm zoo. Nws kawm hauv tsev, thiab tom qab ntawd dhau mus dhau qhov kev kawm hauv tsev kawm Kostroma thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj.
Parents
Vasily Ivanovich Lykov, leej txiv ntawm Alexei Vasilyevich, yog ib tug loj yug me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub xeev Kostroma. Yawg ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau tsim los ntawm kos cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab molasses, uas tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyiaj tau los rau tsev neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Vasily Ivanovich raug ntes. Tab sis txij li thaum nws yog ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam no, nws raug tso tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas nws yuav ua haujlwm rau tsoomfwv Soviet.
Xyoo 1934 Alexei Lykov txiv raug tua los ntawm "cov yeeb ncuab hauv chav kawm". Tej zaum lwm tus ntawm tsev neeg tau dim ntawm kev tua neeg los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus neeg tua neeg txoj cai lij choj tau nthuav dav hauv xov xwm. Tom qab ntawd, A. V. Lykov ib txwm sau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas nws txiv ua haujlwm ua tus kws tshaj lij, thiab nws niam ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem. Nws ntshai tias nws cov tub lag luam tuaj yeem nthuav tawm, thiab txoj kev mus rau kev tshawb fawb yuav raug kaw mus ib txhis.
Alexey Lykov niam, Anna Feodorovna, tau menyuam ntsuag thaum ntxov. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9 xyoos, nws tau raug xa mus rau Mariinsky chaw nyob hauv Kostroma, qhov chaw nws tau txais kev kawm zoo. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv, nws tau txais ib lub neej nyiaj laus los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab syrup Hoobkas. Rau qhov no, tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab raug tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab cem nws hnyav heev. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tog kuj raug kev txom nyem vim kev poob ntawm "chav kawm ceev faj"koog tsev kawm ntawv.
Studying at the institute
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum rau, Alexei Lykov xa cov ntaub ntawv rau kev nkag mus rau lub koom haum pedagogical hauv Yaroslavl, tab sis raug tsis kam lees. Tom qab ntawd, nrog kev pab los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj yug me nyuam, nws tau ua qhov kev sim thib ob, uas tau ua tiav. Tom qab 3 xyoos, nws kawm tiav los ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics thiab Mathematics ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, nws pib ua haujlwm ntawm All-Union Thermal Engineering Institute (VTI), tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij-physicist. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib tus tub ntxhais kawm tiav qib siab hauv lub koom haum ntawm Physics ntawm Moscow State University.
Nyob rau xyoo 1930, A. V. Lykov kuj tau pib qhia ntawm Energy Workers' Kws qhia ntawv hauv Yaroslavl.
Kev kawm thawj zaug
Ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem kinetic ntawm ziab yog pib los ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj ziab ntawm VTI. Nyob rau hauv 1931, nws luam tawm thawj inventor daim ntawv pov thawj rau invention, thiab ib xyoos tom qab - lub ntsiab kev cai ntawm txoj kev xav txog kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub evaporation nto thiab shrinkage ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm ziab. Txoj haujlwm no ua rau nws muaj koob meej nyob rau hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws.
Thawj qhov kev sim tau ua tiav ntawm cov ntawv lim ntawv. Lykov tshawb xyuas thaj av ntawm cov ntsiab lus noo noo thaum lub sij hawm ziab qhuav. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus tawg tau txheeb xyuas ntawm cov nkhaus uas qhia txog cov dej noo hauv cov khoom. Tus kws tshawb fawb xaus lus tias evaporation tshwm sim thoob plaws tag nrho cov tuab ntawm cov khoom, thiab tsis yog ntawm nws qhov chaw. Nws yog thawj tus tshaj tawm qhov ntsuas kub rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem kinetic ntawm ziab.
Raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav qib siab hauv Moscow State University los ntawm 1932 txog 1935, Alexei Lykov ua haujlwm ntawmthermodynamics ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau. Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo no, nws tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev suav cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim tshiab ntawm thermal diffusion - kev hloov ntawm cov dej noo nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv capillary lub cev.
PhD thesis
Xyoo 1936, muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm nws qhov kev kawm Ph. D. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xa mus rau kev sib tham yog cov hauv qab no:
- noo noo thaum ziab txav tsis yog raws li cov dej noo gradient, tab sis kuj raws qhov kub thiab txias;
- thermal diffusion nyob rau hauv lub cev ntxeem tau mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm molecular motion ntawm chav, yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ceev ntawm molecules nyob rau hauv sov thiab txias qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom;
- vim vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv capillary siab, noo noo txav los ntawm ntau cov rhuab txheej kom tsawg dua;
- muaj cua ntxiab uas thawb cov kua dej rau saum toj no.
Alexey Lykov kuj tau qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov thermogradient coefficient uas qhia qhov loj ntawm cov dej noo noo poob nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm no zoo ib yam li qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Soret effect (thermal diffusion hauv gases thiab daws). Lub phenomenon ntawm thermal ya raws conduction muaj npe tom qab nws discoverer. Qhov qhib ntawm cov txheej txheem no tau hais txog ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm Royal Society of London.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau lees paub qhov tawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum lawv ziab, thiab kuj tau qhia txog cov txheej txheem rau kev tawg. Ua tsaug rau tus tsimcov tswv yim ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo dua.
mob hnyav
Ib hlis tom qab qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb no, cov kws kho mob tau kuaj pom qhov tsis zoo - Lykov lub ntsws sab xis thiab ib feem ntawm lub larynx tau raug cuam tshuam tag nrho. Tuberculosis tsim, thiab kev kho mob tsis pab. Nws tau teem sijhawm rau kev phais. Tau chained mus rau lub txaj pw hauv tsev kho mob, A. V. Lykov tau ua haujlwm ntawm monographs ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ziab, thermal conductivity thiab diffusion.
Tom qab nws rov qab los, nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab xyoo 1939 nws tau tiv thaiv nws qhov kev tshaj tawm rau lub npe ntawm Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb. Txij xyoo 1940, tus kws tshawb fawb tau los ua tus xibfwb ntawm MPEI.
Kev ua tiav thiab khoom plig
Tus kws tshawb fawb ib txwm tau sau tseg tias nws lub tswv yim tsis yog tus qauv, thiab ntau lub cev txheej txheem tau txhais los ntawm nws tus kheej, los ntawm qhov kev xav tshiab. A. V. Lykov tsim nyog tau txais kev lees paub thaum nws lub neej. Nws tau txais ntau yam khoom plig rau tsoomfwv, suav nrog Stalin Prize ntawm II degree thiab nqi zog rau lawv. I. I. Polzunova, Order of Lenin thiab Red Banner of Labor thiab lwm tus.
Nyob rau xyoo 1956, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus tau xaiv nws tus kws tshaj lij, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau txais lub npe ntawm "Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tshuab"
Lykov tau teeb tsa lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb thiab tag nrho-Union lub rooj sib tham ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob, uas ntau pua tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv txhua lub tebchaws tau koom nrog. Nws tau txais khoom plig los ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb ntawm Poland, Czechoslovakia, Fabkis.
Kev ua haujlwm
Rau nws txoj haujlwm ntev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, Lykov Aleksey Vasilievich tau luam tawm ntau dua 200 cov ntawv tshawb fawb thiab 18 phau ntawv ("Theory of Drying", "Heat and Mass Transfer", "Theory of Thermal Conduction" thiab lwm yam). Nws txoj haujlwm tau dhau los ntawm ntau cov ntawv luam tawm thiab tseem siv hauv kev kawm engineering.
Dhau li ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab huab cua, tus kws tshawb fawb tau koom nrog kev daws teeb meem cuam tshuam: kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab cov lej daws teeb meem, micropolar media, rheology, media nrog nco txog ntau hom, anisotropy ntawm thermal conductivity, nonlinear thermomechanics.
Kev qhia ua haujlwm
A. V. Lykov ua tsis tau tsuas yog kev tshawb fawb, tab sis kuj yog ib tug xib fwb. Nws tau tsim lub tuam tsev ntawm thermophysics ntawm Belarusian State University, uas rau hnub no tau cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog. Tau 40 xyoo, tus kws tshawb fawb tau qhia ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau npaj txog 130 tus neeg sib tw thiab 27 tus kws kho mob ntawm science.
Nws tau tsim nws cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab muaj tswv yim, tso siab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tshawb fawb nrog cov haujlwm nyuaj. Tus kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub ceeb toom rau lawv tias nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus hauv qab ib qho kev xav, thiab mloog txhua yam tshiab, txawm tias vwm, thaum xub thawj siab, cov tswv yim thiab kev daws teeb meem.
Thaum pib ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb xyoo 1958, "Engineering thiab Physical Journal" tau tsim. A. V. Lykov yog nws tus kws kho mob tas mus li thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Ib xyoos tom qab nws raug xaiveditor ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv kev tshaj tawm "International Journal ntawm tshav kub thiab huab hwm coj hloov", mob siab rau cov teeb meem ntawm thermophysics.
Alexey Vasilyevich tuag rau lub Rau Hli 28, 1974 hauv Moscow, thiab nws lub cev raug faus rau ntawm Vagankovsky tojntxas.
