Zinc (Zn) yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg nyob rau hauv pawg ntawm alkaline ntiaj teb hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj, Mendeleev yog nyob rau ntawm tus naj npawb 30, uas txhais tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm lub atomic nucleus, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons thiab protons kuj yog 30. Zinc yog nyob rau sab II pawg ntawm lub sij hawm IV. Los ntawm pawg naj npawb, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm atoms uas nyob ntawm nws qhov valence lossis sab nraud zog - raws li, 2.
Zinc raws li ib txwm alkali hlau
Zinc yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov hlau, hauv nws lub xeev ib txwm muaj nws muaj xim xiav-grey, nws yooj yim oxidized hauv huab cua, tau txais cov oxide zaj duab xis (ZnO) ntawm qhov chaw.
Raws li cov hlau amphoteric, zinc cuam tshuam nrog cov pa oxygen: 2Zn + O2=2ZnO - tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau kev tsim cov oxide zaj duab xis. Thaum cua sov, cov hmoov dawb ua.
Cov oxide nws tus kheej reacts nrog acids tsim ntsev thiab dej:
2ZnO+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2O.
Nrog cov kua qaub. Yog tias zinc yog qhov zoo tib yam purity, ces qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau HCl Zn yog hauv qab no.
Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑ - molecular reaction equation.
Zn (nqi 0)+ 2H (them +) + 2Cl (them -)=Zn (them +2) + 2Cl (them -) + 2H (them 0) - ua tiav Zn HCl ionic equation.
Zn + 2H(+)=Zn(2+) +H2 - S. I. U. (hais luv luv ionic kev sib npaug).
Reaction ntawm zinc nrog hydrochloric acid
HCl Zn cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab zauv no belongs rau hom redox. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus nqi ntawm Zn thiab H2 tau hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev pom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom, thiab pom muaj tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev.
Hauv qhov no, H2 yog tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing, txij li s. txog. hydrogen ua ntej pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog "+", thiab tom qab nws ua "0". Nws koom nrog kev txo qis, pub 2 electrons.
Zn yog tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, nws koom nrog oxidation, txais 2 electrons, nce s.d. (Lub xeev oxidation).
Qhov no kuj yog kev hloov pauv. Thaum lub sij hawm nws, 2 tshuaj koom nrog, yooj yim Zn thiab complex - HCl. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, 2 cov tshuaj tshiab tau tsim, nrog rau ib qho yooj yim - H2 thiab ib qho complex - ZnCl2. Txij li Zn nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau ua ntej H2, nws tau hloov nws los ntawm cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog nws.
