Syntactic parsing suav nrog kev txiav txim siab lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhua lo lus hauv kab lus, uas yog, tus tswv cuab nws yog. Yuav kom ua tau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov ntxiv yog dab tsi, lub hauv paus ntawm kab lus, thiab lwm yam.
Subject thiab predicateQhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tus tswvcuab ntawm ib kab lus yog cov ntsiab lus. Cov ntsiab lus yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lo lus nyob rau hauv ib kab lus yog lub predicate. Ua ke nrog cov ntsiab lus, nws tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kab lus. Tus kwv yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov kev kawm.
Nyob zoo
Dhau li ntawm lub hauv paus, yuav tsum muaj cov tswv cuab thib ob hauv kab lus. Complement yog kab tias feem ntau hom ntawm subordinate tswv cuab. Nws teb cov lus nug ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej tsis ncaj ncees. Yog li dab tsi yog ib qho ntxiv? Qhov no yog ib yam khoom, ib yam khoom uas qhov kev kawm (subject) ua ib qho kev nqis tes ua (los ntawm qhov predicate). Dab tsi yog ib qho ntxiv, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev nkag siab. Kev sib ntxiv feem ntau muaj kev vam khom rau lwm tus tswvcuab ntawm kab lus, qhia ntau hom lus: tus kheej, nrog rau kev koom tes thiab koom nrog. Los ntawm tib daim ntawv qhiatuaj yeem nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab hom kev ntxiv. Nov yog cov piv txwv ntawm lawv, tswj hwm los ntawm cov lus qhia sib txawv: "zoo siab nyob ze", "zoo siab nyob ze", "zoo siab nyob ze". Cov khoom tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv tib qhov kev hais lus raws li cov ntsiab lus:
1. Ib lub npe, suav nrog ib qho kev lees paub ("mus nrog pawg ntseeg", "tickle ib plaub").
2. Ib tug pronoun, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv nws muaj nuj nqi nws yog ib tug sib npaug zos hloov rau lub npe ("hlub nws", "saib lawv").
3. Ib qho lus piav qhia tseem ceeb, tus lej lej thiab lwm qhov nominal ntawm kev hais lus, uas tau muab lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub npe ("hais "tag kis" hauv koj txoj haujlwm yog tua neeg"). Tab sis ntawm no yog qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb, koj tuaj yeem txhais qhov sib ntxiv ua ib feem ntawm qhov ua piv txwv.
Ntau yam ntxiv
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias muaj ib yam khoom ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj. Direct yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv daim ntawv:
1. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj preposition: "noj avocado", "txiav ntoo xibtes".
2. Genitive yam tsis muaj preposition nrog cov lus qhia tsis zoo: "tsis paub qhov khoom", "tsis hnov qhov muaj."
3. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig nrog cov lus qhia uas muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig thiab ntau: "Kuv yuav mus ncuav kua zaub", "Kuv yuav noj mov".
4. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig nrog cov lus qhia: "tsis muaj dej khov", "thov txim rau nyiaj".
Indirect stands nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm indirect case (thiab accusative nrog ib tug preposition):"lus xaiv hais txog kev tua", "pab luav", thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom ncaj qha teb cov lus nug ntawm cov neeg raug liam thiab genitive, thiab cov khoom tsis ncaj yuav teb cov lus nug ntawm cov genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental thiab prepositional.
Kev xyaum yog txhua yam!
Dhau li ntawm qhov kwv yees, yam khoom thiab cov ntsiab lus, tuaj yeem muaj lwm tus tswv cuab hauv kab lus - txhais thiab qhov xwm txheej. Parsing los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus tsis nyuaj, tab sis nws yuav siv sij hawm xyaum.
Ntawm no yog cov piv txwv ntawm kab lus uas muaj tag nrho cov tswv cuab, suav nrog ntxiv:
1. "Tus thawj coj ntawm tub rog thib ob tau mus ncig lub teeb nrog nws niam tais Vasilisa Petrovna."
2. "Pig Peter dheev npau suav ntawm kev ua ib tug tim tswv, thiab cov tis loj loj hlob tom qab nws."
3. "Tsis yog txhua tus thiab tsis yog ib txwm tswj kom ntes lub sijhawm thaum nws tsim nyog nres thiab tsis txhob dhia mus rau hauv qhov tob tob uas tsis muaj qhov rov qab los."
Ntxiv rau cov kab lus no: "tus tubtxib saum ntuj", "lub sijhawm", "txhuv", "niam txiv Vasilisa Petrovna". Kuv vam tias tam sim no koj nkag siab tias qhov ntxiv yog dab tsi. Yog tias tsis yog, kuv xav qhia koj kom tig mus rau Babaitseva phau ntawv qhia txog kev xav, thiab Rosenthal phau ntawv sau rau kev xyaum.
