Nyob rau xyoo nees nkaum thawj, lus Askiv yog ib hom lus siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrog rau kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb kev sib txuas lus. Raws li ntau yam kev kwv yees, nws yog muaj los ntawm kwv yees li ib thiab ib nrab lab tus tib neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj nquag mus txawv tebchaws, ua haujlwm lossis npaj mus ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb, thiab tseem ua lag luam nrog cov npoj yaig txawv teb chaws, lossis xav tau nyeem cov ntawv sau hauv thawj, kev kawm lus Askiv yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau koj. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev thiab cov phau ntawv kawm, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm cov lus hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim lus Askiv yooj yim heev rau kev kawm, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm koj cov lus thiab kawm cov qauv sau ntawv yooj yim, uas yog. tsis nyuaj kiag li. Cia peb saib ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas yog, qhov kev qhia ua lus Askiv yog dab tsi, nws siv hauv kev sau ntawv thiab hauvlus txhua hnub. Thaum koj tau paub cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov qauv sau ntawv no, koj yuav tuaj yeem tsim cov kab lus yooj yim uas koj xav tau sib txuas lus. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nyeem cov ncauj lus kom zoo thiab ntxiv dag zog nrog cov piv txwv.
Kev qhia ua lus Askiv
Rau qhov pib, nco ntsoov tias yuav ua tau yog ib qho semantic (feem ntau yog siv feem ntau hauv cov ntsiab lus no), lossis ib qho qauv lossis cov lus qhia pab. Txawm tias tag nrho cov pom tseeb complexity, nws yog heev yooj yim mus kawm cov kev cai yooj yim rau nws siv. Cia peb saib cov xwm txheej uas cov lus qhia ua lus Askiv ua raws li ib qho semantic. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, nws cov lus Lavxias teb sab counterparts yuav "ua", "ua qhov chaw", "ua qhov chaw". Txij li thaum yuav yog ib qho lus qhia tsis xwm yeem, nws qhov kev sib txuas yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov nruj thiab cov ntsiab lus uas koj siv qhov no ntawm kev hais lus. Saib cov lus hauv qab no seb cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas yog conjugated ua lus Askiv. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntau, cov ncauj lus no yuav tsum tau sau kom raug, vim nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus grammatical.
Yuav ua li cas conjugate lub verb to be
| Number (unit lossis plural) | Face (1st, 2nd lossis 3rd) | Present Simple | Past Simple |
| Unit. num | 1st | ||
| Unit. num | 2nd | ||
| Unit. num | 3rd | ||
| Plural | 1st | ||
| Plural | 2nd | ||
| Plural | 3rd |
Examples:
He is ntawm pog lub tsev. – Nws (yog) ntawm nws pog lub tsev.
Nrog is tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog nws. - Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov no.
Yuav ua, ua raws li kev sib txuas lus
Cov qauv lus Askiv yog qhov muaj nyob hauv kev siv cov lus qhia hauv ib kab lus, thiab nws yuav tsum yog tom qab lub npe. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum yog qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov kev kawm thiab tus tswv cuab nominal ntawm predicate. Saib cov lus saum toj no kom paub meej txog nws qhov kev sib txuas, vim tias ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, daim ntawv yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm tus lej thiab tus neeg ntawm lub npe.
Examples:
This apple is qab heev. - Kua txiv no qab heev.
Nws is nws tus muam hlob. - Nws yog nws tus niam laus.
Hnub no is ib hnub los nag. - Hnub no yog hnub los nag.
Negation nrog cov lus qhia ua thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim los siv cov khoom not, uas los tom qab qhov ua piv txwv. Piv txwv li:
Peb tsis muaj lawm. - Peb tsis nyob ntawd lawm (tsis nyob ib qho chaw uas peb nyob ua ntej).
Mary thiab Jack tsis yog cov phooj ywg nrog ib leeg. - Mary thiab Jack tsis yog cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm.
Kuj, qee qhov, tab sis tsawg heev, yuav tsum tau siv los ua ib qho lus qhia los yog ua tus pab cuam hauv kev tsim cov ntawv ntev. Piv txwv li:
Nws is kom dhau nws qhov kev xeem thawj zaug. - Nws tab tom yuav xeem nws thawj zaug (tus qauv ua hauv qhov no yog lub hom phiaj ua ib yam dab tsi).
Nws is nyeem ntawv tshiab. - Nws tab tom nyeem ntawv tshiab (hauv qhov no, yuav pab tau kev kawm yooj yim ntev).
English Verb Chart
Qhov no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus hauv txhua hom lus. Peb tsis tuaj yeem hais tawm ib qho kev txiav txim yam tsis siv cov lus qhia hauv kab lus. Hauv lus Askiv, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhov raug thiab tsis raug (uas yog, cov uas yav dhau los tsis tau tsim raws li cov cai). Lawv lub rooj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem lossis chav kawm lus. Txog tam sim no, cia li saib cov lus qhia feem ntau hauv lus Askiv. Nws raug pom zoo kom kawm lawv los ntawm lub siab. Qhov kev paub no yuav pab txhawb koj txoj kev sib txuas lus thiab nyeem cov ntawv lossis ntawv tseeb.
| Russian translation | |
| be | yuav tsum tau, yuav tau |
| yuav tsum tau, ua tau | |
| muaj | muaj (hauv Tshuag) |
| ua | do, tsim |
| siv | |
| say | talk |
| make | make, produce |
| like | like |
| sau | sau |
| look | saib ib yam |
| see | saib ib yam |
| call | hu lossis hu rau lwm tus |
| go | go (verb of motion) |
| paub | paub, kawm |
| live | live, ua neej nyob qhov twg |
| ua | ua |
| ua haujlwm | ua haujlwm, suav nrog rau qee yam lossis nyob qhov twg |
| nrhiav | nrhiav |
| get | receive |
| sau | sau ib yam |
| hais lus | tham, tham |
| muab | muab, muab rov qab |
| pab | pab ib tug |
| read | read |
| muas | yuav khoom, muag khoom |
| meet | ntsib lossis ntsib |
| nkag siab | nkag siab |
| qhia | hais lus rau ib tug neeg |
| arrive | mus txog ntawm qee qhov chaw |
Los ntawm kev nco cov npe ntawm cov lus qhia no, koj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tau yooj yimkev sib tham yooj yim lossis nyeem cov ntawv sau yooj yim. Tam sim no koj yog ib kauj ruam los ze zog mus hais lus Askiv yooj yim.
