Ancient Greek architects nteg lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub European architecture. Cov vaj tse uas tau tsim ntau tshaj li ob thiab ib nrab txhiab xyoo dhau los tseem suav tias yog cov qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm kev tsim. Lub nroog txoj kev npaj, qhov kev txiav txim, qhov zoo tshaj plaws proportions nyob rau hauv architecture thiab duab puab - yog txhua yam ua rau lub architecture ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws nto moo. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thaum lub sijhawm ntawd yog kev tsim vaj tsev bummer.
Definition of concept
Khoos phis tawj yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas yog ib feem ntawm sab nraud lossis sab hauv ntawm lub tsev, cov vases zoo nkauj, plinths, pedestal contours, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm txoj kev, qee zaum lawv kuj hu ua mules lossis profiles. Sib cais qhov chaw ntawm architectural so yog proportional rau ib leeg, uas yog, lawv muaj qee qhov sib piv. Cov ntsiab lus no muaj qhov ruaj khov thiab loj. Kev tawg yog ncaj thiab curvilinear.
Qhov twg so yog thov
Thawj zaug, kev tsim vaj tsev so tau pib siv hauv Ancient Greece, tom qab ntawd hauv Ancient Rome. Lawv kho cov rooj tog, duab thav duab, cov khoom dai.
Kev txiav txim thiab kev tsim vaj tsev tau siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev muaj koob npe Greek thaum ub: hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Artemis hauv Ephesus, hauv lub tuam tsev Nike Apteros, hauv Parthenon thiab ntau lwm tus, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Rome thaum ub: nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Nike Apteros. Colosseum, hauv Roman rooj sab laj thiab hauv Tuam Tsev ntawm Vesta.
Purpose
Qee qhov kev tsim vaj tsev, xws li pob taws thiab lub txee, tau txais kev txhawb nqa cov qauv, raws li lawv tau ntxiv cov khoom txhawb nqa ntawm lub tsev los ntawm saum toj lossis hauv qab, feem ntau kab. Thiab lwm tus tsuas yog ua haujlwm zoo nkauj xwb. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov curvature ntawm qhov tawg tau muab cov qauv ua kom muaj zog lossis lub teeb ci thiab sophistication.
Nyob hauv kev tsim sab hauv, ntau thiab ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm ancient architecture tam sim no pib siv. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua kom pom cov ces kaum ntse, nrog rau kev hais txog ledges lossis recesses hauv phab ntsa, iav, qhov rais, qhov cub, niches thiab lwm yam.
Txoj kab ncaj nraim
Rectilinear architectural so nyob rau hauv seem profile tsis muaj arcs, tab sis muaj tsuas yog cov kab ncaj. Cov khoom no suav nrog:
- plinth - ib daim duab plaub lossis square loj slab, feem ntau nyob hauv qab ntawm kab lossis hauv paus;
- txee - me me nqaim ntawm lub duab plaub;
- txoj siv kuj yog ib daim duab plaub, tab sis nws loj dua li txee.
Rectilinear architectural so ua haujlwm tsuas yog ua haujlwm - lawv txhawb nqa cov qauv ntawm lub tsev lossis cov qauv.
Curvilinear so
Curvilinear so muaj ob qho tib si arcs thiab ncaj seem hauv seem. Raws li cov duab profile, lawv muab faib ua yooj yim thiab complex. Thawj suav nrog:
- lub quarter ncej - ntev protrusion, uas nyob rau hauv hla ntu muaj ib lub quarter ntawm ib lub voj voog;
- fillet - concave bummer, nyob rau hauv hla ntu nws kuj tig tawm plaub feem ntawm lub voj voog;
- shaft - ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev uas muaj ib lub voj voog nyob hauv ntu ntu;
- roller - ib tug bummer uas zoo li ib tug ncej, tab sis muaj me me qhov ntev piv rau nws.
Thiab rau kev ua vaj tsev so ntawm ib qho profile complex:
- goose yog ib qho profile uas yog kev sib txuas ntawm ob lub convex thiab concave arcs, nws tseem hu ua Doric cymatium;
- ib nrab-ncej - ib qho chaw tsim vaj tsev nrog ntu ntu ntu;
- pob taws - Ionic cymatium, ib qho inverted gooseneck, uas kuj muaj convex thiab concave arches;
- skotsiya - ib tug bummer nrog ib tug concave profile ntawm ob-center arc, tsis zoo li lub gusset thiab pob taws, nws yog asymmetrical;
- nyuaj torus - kev sib xyaw ntawm cov contours ntawm ob lub shafts.
Complex profiles tau los ntawm kev sib txuas cov yooj yim. Curvilinear so feem ntau ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hu ua kev txiav txim vaj tsev.
Kev tsim kho ib ntus ntawm architectural so
Tsim cov kab ncajtawg, nrog rau cov curvilinear ncaj, yog qhov yooj yim heev: koj tsuas yog xav paub txhua qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab qhov sib npaug. Qhov xwm txheej no nyuaj dua nrog txoj kev curvilinear so, lawv cov kev tsim kho tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib ntus.
Kev tsim kho ntawm Goose thiab pob taws
Txhawm rau tsim ib qho rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab jib koj xav tau:
- txuas ob lub ntsiab lus A thiab B, qhov no yuav yog qhov pib thiab xaus ntawm arc;
- faib ntu hauv ib nrab ntawm point C;
- kos lub voj voog los ntawm cov ntsiab lus A, B thiab C nrog lub vojvoog AC=BC=R kom txog thaum lawv sib tshuam ntawm O1 thiab O2;
- los ntawm O1 thiab O2 piav txog ob lub voj voog ntawm lub vojvoog R.
pob taws ua ke tib yam.
Tsim kom muaj kev sib tw
Txhawm rau tsim qhov contour ntawm lub torus complex, koj yuav tsum:
- set radius R;
- kos 9 squares nrog ob sab sib npaug R;
- nrhiav point O2 thiab O1;
- kos ib lub vojvoog 3R los ntawm taw tes O2;
- los ntawm O1 kos ib qho arc ntawm lub voj voog nrog lub vojvoog R.
Building scocia
Kev tsim kho ntawm scocia zoo ib yam li kev kos duab ua ke:
- xaiv vojvoog R;
- tsim 6 squares nrog ob sab sib npaug rau lub vojvoog R;
- nrhiav cov ntsiab lus O1 thiab O2;
- ntawm cov ntsiab lus O1 thiab O2 kos arcs nrog lub vojvoog R thiab 2R raws.
Cov so tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov organic ornaments lossis cov embossed yooj yim. Cov gussets tau ua tiav los ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog paj paj motif, pob taws - nrog cov nplooj zoo li lub siab, lub quarter ncej - ovs (qhov no yog ib qho ornament nrog cov duab ntawm lub qe-zoo li tus qauv), rhawv - ib tug meander (ib qho khoom ornament li ntawm txoj cai kaum ua ib txoj kab nruam) thiab lwm yam.
Txhua yam nyuaj yog tsim los ntawm tej yam yooj yim. Nws yog ib yam nrog architectural bummers - los ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas zoo li qub thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, amazing khoom yog generated. Tias yog vim li cas lub architecture ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tau dhau los ua ib qho classic thiab tam sim no ua piv txwv rau cov neeg sau suab paj nruag khov rau hauv pob zeb.
