Koj puas paub cov ntsiab lus xws li cov neeg siv khoom, cov khoom tawg thiab cov neeg tsim khoom? Yog tsis yog, peb tsab xov xwm yog rau koj. Qhov tseeb, cov kab mob no paub zoo rau txhua tus. Lawv yog leej twg? Wb sib paub ua ke.
Lub tswvyim ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus
Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lub ecosystem yog sib cuam tshuam. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, ntau lub zej zog tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Cov qauv ntawm txhua qhov ecosystem suav nrog abiotic thiab biotic qhov chaw. Qhov thib ib yog ib phau ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Nws hu ua biocenosis. Cov tshuaj abiotic suav nrog cov ntxhia thiab cov organic tebchaw.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov ecosystem cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog. Nws qhov chaw tseem ceeb yog hnub ci. Cov kab mob Photosynthetic siv nws los ua cov organic tshuaj. Heterotrophs tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov organic teeb meem. Tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm nws yog siv rau kev loj hlob. Thiab qhov seem yog siv rau kev siv cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.
Vim li ntawd, kev txiav txim yog tsim los ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm ib hom, lawv cov khoom seem lossis cov khoom pov tseg yog qhov khoom noj rau lwm tus. Lawv yoghu ua trophic or food chains.
Trophic theem
Txhua lub saw zaub mov muaj qee tus lej txuas. Nws tau raug tsim los tias thaum lub sij hawm hloov ntawm ib mus rau lwm qhov, ib feem ntawm lub zog yog tas li ploj mus. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm cov txuas feem ntau yog 4-5. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj saw yog hu ua trophic theem.
Dab tsi yog cov neeg siv khoom
Txhua yam kab mob ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tau muab tso ua ke. Cov no suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txhua lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov tsiaj qus, tsis hais txog qib ntawm lawv lub koom haum. Cia peb saib ib leeg.
Cov neeg siv khoom yog dab tsi? Cov no yog cov heterotrophs - cov kab mob uas pub rau cov organic uas npaj txhij. Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ywj pheej synthesis. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov zaub mov thiab txoj kev tau txais, ntau hom neeg tau txais kev pom txawv:
- Phytophages noj tsuas yog cog zaub mov xwb. Piv txwv yog nplooj kab, aphids, mealybugs, kab ntsig ntawm feem ntau butterflies.
- Ntxhais tua tsiaj tua tsiaj, tua thiab noj nws. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm cov tsiaj txhu: tsov ntxhuav, hyenas, hma, jackals, hma. Tab sis ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg muaj qee hom nroj tsuag (dew, pemphigus), fungi (zygo- thiab ascomycetes).
- Parasites pub rau tus tswv tsev, nyob ntawm nws lub cev lossis hauv nruab nrog cev.
- Lwm hom neeg siv khoom yog saprotrophs. Lawv cov khoom noj yog qhov seem ntawm lub cev tuag los yog excrement. Ua li noorganic teeb meem yog decomposed los ntawm fungi, kab mob thiab protozoa.
Consumers: Orders
Heterotrophs nyob sib txawv hauv cov khoom noj. Txhua hom herbivorous yog cov neeg siv khoom ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim. Cov theem tom ntej yog predators. Lawv yog cov neeg siv khoom xaj thib ob lawm.
Cia peb xav txog qhov no hierarchy ntawm ib qho piv txwv. Cia peb hais tias lub vev xaib zaub mov zoo li: yoov tshaj cum, qav, stork. Leej twg ntawm lawv yog cov neeg siv khoom ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim? Qhov no yog Qav. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib ob yog tus stork. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, muaj cov heterotrophs uas pub rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov neeg siv khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem ua ke ntawm ob peb qib trophic.
Producers
Hais txog cov neeg siv khoom, peb tau mob siab rau hom lawv cov zaub mov. Cia peb xav txog lwm pab pawg ntawm lub vev xaib trophic los ntawm qhov kev xav no. Cov neeg tsim khoom yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas yog autotrophs. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua ke cov organic tshuaj los ntawm cov zaub mov.
Muaj ob hom neeg tsim khoom: nws pib - thiab chemotrophs. Cov qub siv lub zog ntawm lub hnub ci los tsim cov organics. Cov no yog cov nroj tsuag, cyanobacteria, qee cov protozoa. Chemotrophs muaj peev xwm oxidize ntau yam tshuaj sib txuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog tsim tawm, uas lawv siv los nqa cov khoom pov tseg. Cov no suav nrog nitrogen-fixing, sulfur, hlau kab mob.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho ntawm txhua qhov ecosystem. Qhov tseeb no tau piav qhiavim cov kab mob photosynthetic yog lub zog.
Decomposers
Lwm lub luag haujlwm hauv ecosystem yog cov kab mob heterotrophic uas pub rau cov organic teeb meem ntawm cov seem lossis cov khoom pov tseg ntawm lwm hom, uas lawv decompose rau hauv cov zaub mov. Qhov kev ua no yog ua los ntawm reducers. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg no yog cov kab mob thiab cov fungi.
Nws yog nyob rau theem ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv ecosystem uas lub zog tau sau tseg. Tom qab ntawd nws dhau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg tsim khoom, qhov twg nws tau noj. Ntawm txhua theem trophic, qee lub zog tau ploj mus ua cua sov.
Yam khoom noj khoom haus
Zoo hauv ecosystem muab faib ua ob kwj. Thawj yog qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, qhov thib ob - los ntawm cov organic teeb meem tuag. Nyob ntawm qhov no, cov zaub mov webs ntawm pasture thiab detrital hom yog txawv. Hauv thawj kis, thawj theem trophic yog cov neeg tsim khoom uas hloov lub zog rau cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv. Cov saw saw hlau xaus nrog decomposers.
Cov saw detrital pib nrog cov organics tuag thiab txuas ntxiv nrog saprotrophs, uas yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov kawg txuas hauv cov saw no kuj yog cov decomposers.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw, muaj ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus tib lub sijhawm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog inseparable ntawm ib leeg thiab nyob ze intertwined. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tib hom tuaj yeem ua ke sib txuas hauv cov saw sib txawv. Qhov no yog li cas trophic webs raug tsim. Thiab lawv yog dab tsiqhov ntau ceg, qhov ruaj khov ntawm ecosystem.
Summarize
Yog li, hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb tshuaj xyuas seb cov neeg siv khoom yog dab tsi. Cov no yog cov kab mob heterotrophic uas yog ib feem ntawm cov chains trophic. Lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ecosystems thiab haus cov organic teeb meem npaj txhij. Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov zaub mov thiab txoj kev uas nws tau txais, ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj herbivores, predators, saprotrophs thiab parasites. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kab mob no yog tsiaj txhu, nrog rau qee cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Hauv ecosystem, lawv yog cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob.
