Los ntawm peb tsab xov xwm koj yuav kawm seb chlorophyll yog dab tsi. Nws yog cov khoom no uas txiav txim siab cov xim ntsuab ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas ntawm carbohydrates, thiab yog li ntawd lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus. Tab sis chlorophyll ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj. Qhov twg? Wb sib paub ua ke.
chlorophyll yog dab tsi
Txhais los ntawm Greek, lo lus biological no txhais tau tias "ntsuab nplooj". Chlorophyll yog xim ntsuab lossis xim xim. Nws yog nws leej twg txiav txim siab xim ntawm nplooj, cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, txiv hmab txiv ntoo unripe thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm chlorophyll yog kev siv cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog cov synthesis ntawm qabzib thiab inorganic tshuaj. Thiab nws tshwm sim hauv plastids uas muaj chlorophyll molecules.
Discovery keeb kwm
Chlorophyll tau paub thawj zaug thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws muaj peev xwm cais tawm ntawm nplooj los ntawm ob tus kws tshuaj Fab Kis - kws muag tshuaj Joseph Covent thiab Pierre Pelletier. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau pom tias cov khoom no muaj ob yam. Qhov tseeb no tau sim ua pov thawj ntawm nws tus kheej hauv xyoo 1900 los ntawm Lavxias teb sab botanist Mikhail Tsvet thiab German biochemist Richard Wilstetter. Cov noparticles hu ua a thiab b particles. Rau qhov kev tshawb pom no, Wilsetteter tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel.
Qhov khoom plig no kuj tau txais los ntawm Hans Fischer, uas tsim cov qauv qauv ntawm chlorophyll. Robert Woodward tau ua tiav hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj no hauv xyoo 1960.
Nyob hauv ntuj
Chlorophyll muaj tag nrho cov kab mob uas yog autotrophs. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog cov nroj tsuag ntawm txhua pawg systematic. Yog li, tag nrho cov algae pub autotrophically. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov tob uas lub hnub ci nkag mus. Puas muaj algae muaj chlorophyll, uas yog xim liab, xim av los yog golden xim nrog thallus? Undoubtedly. Tsuas yog, ntxiv rau cov xim ntsuab, lawv cov hlwb kuj muaj cov xim ntawm lwm cov xim. Lawv txiav txim siab xim ntawm algae, tab sis nws yog chlorophyll uas ua haujlwm ntawm photosynthesis.
Ntxiv rau cov nroj tsuag, cov kab mob photoautotrophic thiab protozoa muaj cov xim ntsuab. Piv txwv li, Euglena yog ntsuab. Cov kab mob unicellular no muaj ib qho loj chloroplast. Thaum tsis muaj cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau photosynthesis, Euglena hloov mus rau hom khoom noj khoom haus heterotrophic.
YSynthesis mechanism
Kev tsim cov chlorophyll hauv cov hlwb yog txheej txheem nyuaj heev. Nws muaj 15 qhov kev tawm tsam sib law liag hauv 3 theem. Lawv hla dhau qhov tsaus ntuj, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv qhov kaj.
Ua ntej, los ntawm thawj cov tshuaj, uas yog acetate thiab glycine, protochlorophyllide yog tsim. Nws tshwm sim hauvdub theem. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub teeb, cov khoom no txuas nrog hydrogen, uas ua rau tsim chlorophyllide. Cov theem tom ntej rov mus rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog phytol, chlorophyll yog synthesized. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom no yog nws qhov tsis ruaj khov rau lub teeb.
chlorophyll yog dab tsi ntawm chemistry? Nws yog ib qho derivative ntawm porporphyrin tshuaj uas muaj ob qho kev hloov carbonyl. Nrog rau kev kho acid tsis muaj zog, magnesium raug tshem tawm ntawm chlorophyll molecule, thiab nws hloov mus rau hauv kakfeofitin. Nws yog cov xim xiav sib sib zog nqus nrog cov ntaub nplaum zoo nkauj.
Dab tsi yog photosynthesis
Cov nroj tsuag hu ua intermediaries ntawm lub hnub thiab lub ntiaj teb vim yog vim li cas. Tsuas yog lawv muaj peev xwm hloov lub zog nrog kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb - oxygen. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua photosynthesis. Hauv nws cov chav kawm, monosaccharide qabzib thiab oxygen yog tsim los ntawm carbon dioxide thiab dej hauv lub teeb.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm chlorophyll hauv txoj haujlwm no yog dab tsi? Cov xim ntsuab absorbs thiab xa cov hnub ci zog. Hauv lwm lo lus, chlorophyll ua zoo li lub kav hlau txais xov. Ua ib feem ntawm lub teeb-txiav txim siab complexes, nws thawj zaug absorbs lub hnub ci zog, thiab ces kis nws nyob rau hauv ib tug resonant txoj kev mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chaw ntawm photosystems.
Daim ntawv thov
Chlorophyll tsis yog tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag xwb. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv raws li ib tug natural coloring. Cov tshuaj no muaj npe E140. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom nws ntawm pob khoom qab zib.cov khoom. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no yog nws cov dej tsis txaus hauv dej, uas txwv nws txoj haujlwm.
chlorophyll tooj E141 yog dab tsi? Nws yog ib qho derivative ntawm cov khoom no, uas yog siv los ua zaub mov xim. Nws tseem hu ua chlorophyllin tooj liab complex lossis trisodium ntsev. Nws qhov zoo yog tiv taus acidic ib puag ncig, zoo solubility hauv dej thiab cawv daws. Txawm tias muaj kev cia ntev ntev, chlorophyllin khaws cov xim ntsuab emerald. Qhov txwv tsis pub siv rau nws yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm tooj liab thiab hnyav hlau.
Vim tias chlorophyll muaj magnesium, cov tshuaj no kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws tuaj yeem noj tau ob qho tib si hauv cov tshuaj ua kua thiab ua zaub ntsuab ntsuab. Chlorophyll-nplua nuj spinach, broccoli, alfalfa, nplej thiab barley sprouts, nettles thiab parsley.
Kev siv cov kua chlorophyll ua haujlwm pab ua kom cov qe ntshav liab nce ntxiv. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov tshuaj no muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws rau hemoglobin. Lawv qhov txawv tsuas yog hlau. Hemoglobin muaj hlau thiab chlorophyll muaj magnesium. Yog li ntawd, lawv pab txhim kho kev thauj mus los ntawm oxygen mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev.
Yog li, chlorophyll yog xim ntsuab lossis xim xim. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntsuab qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag, lub hlwb ntawm ib co kab mob thiab unicellular tsiaj. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm chlorophyll yog muab cov photosynthesis - cov txheej txheem ntawm synthesis ntawm cov organic tshuaj los ntawm cov zaub mov vim lub zog ntawm lub teeb.
