Nws zoo nkaus li tias nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov khoom tsis muaj sia: nws zoo li kev ua si ntawm lub neej thiab tsis muaj tsiaj. Tiamsis cov uas raug coj los ntawm txoj ntsiab cai no yeej yuam kev ntau heev. Animation, raws li zoo raws li inanimateness, feem, yog ib tug cais qeb nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub npe, uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau sab nraud nta ntawm tej yam khoom. Ntawm no yog yuav piav qhia qhov tseeb tias, raws li txoj cai, lo lus "lub cev tuag" yog suav tias yog inanimate, thiab "tuag" - animated? Ua random? Tsis muaj teeb meem! Peb mam li paub.
Cia peb pib ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Animate thiab inanimate khoom teb cov lus nug sib txawv - "leej twg" thiab "dab tsi" feem. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias kev tsim cov lus nug yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, txawm tias tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab heev, txoj hauv kev los txhais cov pawg no. Feem ntau cov menyuam yaus raug qhia rau nws hauv qib thawj lossis qib thib ob. Txhawm rau xyaum cov qauv no, koj tuaj yeem sau qhov khoob nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv cov ntawv hauv qab no:
« Hauv kev pw tsaug zog oblivion ntws zoo heev (dab tsi?). Nyob ib ncig ntawm (dab tsi?) thiab (dab tsi?). (Leej twg?) Maj mam txav cov skis, tshee tawm (dab tsi?) kaus mom los ntawm pob ntseg. (Leej twg?) sai sai ua lub qhov, thiab pib (dab tsi?). Tsis ntev nws rub tawm ib tug loj (leej twg?). Nws mirrored (dab tsi?) gleamed brightly nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Cov lus uas tau thov kom muab tso rau: dej khov, nplai, neeg nuv ntses, hoarfrost, dej, carp, daus, nuv ntses. Ib lo lus rov ua dua ob zaug.
lus piav qhia
Tab sis nws tsim nyog txav mus, txoj cai? Yuav ua li cas los txiav txim seb tus animate los yog inanimate yam khoom raws li txoj cai, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv intuition? Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob pawg no nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov npe. Inanimate nouns muaj tib lub npe nrov npe thiab accusative, thaum animate nouns muaj tib yam genitive thiab accusative nyob rau hauv tib tus naj npawb. Tau kawg, nws yuav nkag siab yooj yim dua nrog cov piv txwv.
Tau lub npe "miv". Peb muab tso rau hauv ntau qhov ntau "miv" thiab pib poob: npe - "miv", genitive - "miv", accusative - "miv" - raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab mob genitive thiab accusative coincide. Whereas rau lub npe "table", uas los txhais cov pawg no hloov mus rau hauv "rooj", qhov declension "tables-tables-tables" hloov mus ua tib yam accusative thiab nominative case.
Yog li, txoj cai tso cai rau cais cov khoom animate thiab inanimate tsuas yog thaummuab lawv tso rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tom qab declension. Thiab tom qab ntawd, twb dhau los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, pawg no tau txiav txim siab.
Kev zam
Tab sis, raws li koj paub, muaj ob peb txoj cai hauv Lavxias uas tsis muaj kev zam. Yog li, qee zaum muaj peev xwm cais cov khoom animate thiab inanimate yam tsis muaj tseeb. Yog lawm, txhua tus tsiaj nyob yuav muaj sia nyob, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov dab neeg dab neeg (goblin-goblin-goblin-goblin) thiab cov npe ntawm cov khoom ua si (matryoshka-matryoshka-matryoshka) yog tib pawg - ntawm no koj tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lus piav qhia. Raws li daim npav thiab chess suits-pieces (pikes-picks-pikes, pawns-pawns-pawns), uas txawm nyob hauv lawv cov ntawv tsis haum rau hauv pawg no.
Cia peb mus ntxiv. Inanimate nouns, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj xws li loj pab pawg neeg (neeg coob coob-neeg coob coob-neeg coob coob) thiab ib co kab mob nyob (embryos-embryos-embryos; microbes-microbes-microbes) - nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los piav qhov tshwm sim, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txais thiab nco ntsoov.
Ntau nyuaj
Kuv kuj xav ntxiv tias cov khoom animate thiab cov khoom tsis muaj sia nyob hauv kev nkag siab grammatical muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv. Yog li, piv txwv li, rau animate txiv neej nouns, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm genitive thiab accusative case coincide thiab nyob rau hauv cov lus: Anton-Anton-Anton, accountant-accountant-accountant, txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim no tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub thib ob declension (Piv txwv li: Dima-Dima-Dima, txawm hais tias nws kuj yog tus txiv neej noun). Yog li pib qhov notsis tu ncua siv tau los ua lwm yam yooj yim, txawm tias tsis paub zoo, txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab qeb ntawm cov animation hauv cov npe.
Kuv xav tsis meej
Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab muaj ib tug duab ntawm ib tug inanimate yam li animated. Qhov no feem ntau yog txuam nrog kev siv lo lus ua piv txwv rau kev ua neej nyob: Muaj ib lub txaj pw hauv tsev - Yog, nws yog lub txaj pw tsis muaj zog! los yog lus Russia zoo heev thiab muaj zog! – Tus nplaig no (=neeg raug kaw) yuav qhia peb txhua yam.
Tseeb tib yam tshwm sim tshwm sim nrog kev siv lub npe animate li inanimate ones: Lub kite ya saum ntuj xiav; Tus neeg tua rog tau nqis mus. Ntawm no qeb ntawm animateness thiab inanimateness yog txiav txim raws li cov ntsiab lus semantic ntawm lub npe.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias, txawm tias txhua tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum siv cov cai, feem ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm txuas ntxiv tso siab rau kev nkag siab. Raws li cov piv txwv saum toj no qhia, sab hauv kev xav tsis yog ib qho kev pabcuam txhim khu kev qha hauv cov teeb meem ntawm philology. Peb tuaj yeem hais tau tias cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm, cov npe ntawm tib neeg los ntawm kev koom nrog tsev neeg, haiv neeg thiab lwm pab pawg yuav ib txwm ua kom muaj zog, thiab cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj kuj tuaj yeem suav nrog ntawm no. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntawm cov animate nouns, raws li qee cov kws tshawb fawb, tsuas muaj cov txiv neej thiab poj niam cov lus, thaum nruab nrab poj niam txiv neej yogtwb inanimate, zoo li tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov khoom ntawm xwm thiab lwm yam khoom.
Xyaum rau me me
Tam sim no peb tau pom tias yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov txawv ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov npe ntawm lwm tus, nws tsim nyog sau tag nrho cov saum toj no. Animate thiab inanimate cov khoom rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools, uas tseem tsis paub txog qhov xwm txheej twg, txawv ntawm "leej twg" thiab "dab tsi", feem. Rau kev xyaum, koj tuaj yeem ua si nrog cov menyuam hauv "nyob-tsis nyob", qhov twg lo lus hu ua, thiab tus menyuam yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb yam khoom no yog dab tsi.
Los yog lwm txoj haujlwm txaus siab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yog muab ntau lub npe animate uas tuaj yeem hloov mus ua cov tsis muaj sia los hloov ib tsab ntawv: hma liab (linden), tshis (ntsiav), heron (poob).
Thiab lus qhia rau cov laus
Yuav ua kom tiav tsab xov xwm yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm animate thiab inanimate khoom, kuv xav hais tias, txawm yuav yooj yim npaum li cas cov ntsiab lus no yuav zoo li, nws yog zoo dua tsis txhob ntxias txoj hmoo thiab ua ntawm random, ntseeg intuition. Ib feeb siv tshuaj xyuas cov npe ntawm cov npe tuaj yeem hloov qhov koj xav txog nws. Yog li tsis txhob siv dag zog thiab xyaum cov lus zoo thiab muaj zog Lavxias.
