Electromagnetic teb ncig peb txhua qhov chaw. Nyob ntawm lawv cov nthwv dej ntau, lawv tuaj yeem ua txawv ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Tsis yog-ionizing hluav taws xob yog suav tias yog qhov zoo dua, txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum lawv tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov xwm txheej no yog dab tsi, thiab lawv cuam tshuam dab tsi rau peb lub cev?
Dab tsi yog hluav taws xob tsis-ionizing?
Zog yog faib ua cov khoom me me thiab nthwv dej. Cov txheej txheem ntawm nws emission thiab propagation yog hu ua hluav taws xob. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nyob, ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm nws yog qhov txawv. Thawj - ionizing, yog ib tug kwj ntawm theem pib uas yog tsim los ntawm cov fission ntawm atoms. Nws suav nrog cov xov tooj cua, alpha, beta, gamma, X-ray, gravitational, thiab Hawking rays.
hom hluav taws xob thib ob suav nrog cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj ionizing. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov nthwv dej electromagnetic, qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntau tshaj 1000 nm, thiab tus nqi ntawm lub zog tso tawm tsawg dua 10 keV. Nws ua zoo li microwavestso lub teeb thiab cua sov raws li qhov tshwm sim.
Tsis zoo li thawj hom, cov hluav taws xob no tsis ionize cov molecules thiab atoms ntawm cov khoom uas nws cuam tshuam, uas yog, nws tsis ua txhaum kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws cov molecules. Tau kawg, muaj kev zam rau qhov no thiab. Yog li, qee hom, piv txwv li, UV rays tuaj yeem ionize ib yam khoom.
hom tsis-ionizing hluav taws xob
Electromagnetic hluav taws xob yog lub tswv yim dav dua li tsis yog-ionizing. High-frequency x-rays thiab gamma rays kuj yog electromagnetic, tab sis lawv nyuaj thiab ionize teeb meem. Tag nrho lwm hom EMR tsis yog-ionizing, lawv lub zog tsis txaus los cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem.
Qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov xov tooj cua, uas muaj ntau yam ntawm ultra-ntev (ntau tshaj 10 km) mus rau luv luv (10 m - 1 mm). Nthwv dej ntawm lwm cov hluav taws xob EM tsawg dua 1 hli. Tom qab xov tooj cua emission los infrared los yog thermal, nws wavelength nyob ntawm cov cua kub kub.
pom lub teeb thiab ultraviolet hluav taws xob kuj tsis yog-ionizing. Thawj feem ntau hu ua optical. Nrog nws cov spectrum, nws yog heev ze rau infrared rays thiab yog tsim thaum lub cev yog rhuab. Ultraviolet hluav taws xob yog ze rau X-ray, yog li nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua ionize. Ntawm wavelengths ntawm 400 thiab 315 nm, nws tau lees paub los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag.
khoom
Tsis yog-ionizing electromagnetic hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si ntuj thiab khoom tsim. Ib ntawmLub hauv paus ntuj yog lub hnub. Nws xa tawm txhua yam hluav taws xob. Lawv tag nrho nkag mus rau peb ntiaj chaw yog tiv thaiv los ntawm lub ntiaj teb cua. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem ozone, av noo, carbon dioxide, cov nyhuv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob teeb meem tau txo qis heev.
Rau cov xov tooj cua tsis muaj zog, xob laim tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus ntuj, nrog rau cov khoom siv hauv qhov chaw. Thermal infrared rays tuaj yeem emit ib lub cev rhuab mus rau qhov xav tau kub, txawm hais tias lub ntsiab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog. Yog li, nws qhov chaw tseem ceeb yog lub tshuab cua sov, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov qhov muag teeb pom kev zoo uas muaj nyob hauv txhua lub tsev.
Xov tooj cua tsis yog kis los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom siv rau kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj cua, xws li xov tooj ntawm tes, satellites, thiab lwm yam, dhau los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, mercury-quartz teeb, LEDs, excilamps kis ultraviolet rays.
Kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg
Electromagnetic tawg yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm wavelength, zaus thiab polarization. Los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem no thiab nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm nws qhov cuam tshuam. Lub nthwv dej ntev dua, lub zog tsawg nws hloov mus rau qhov khoom, uas txhais tau tias nws tsis muaj teeb meem. Radiation nyob rau hauv lub decimeter-centimeter ntau yam yog detrimental tshaj.
Tsis yog-ionizing hluav taws xob nrog lub sijhawm ntev rau tib neeg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj me me lawv tuaj yeem pab tau. Ultraviolet rays tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab pob txha, ua rauntau yam kev hloov pauv. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, lawv synthesize vitamin D3 nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, sterilize khoom, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob dej thiab cua.
Hauv tshuaj, hluav taws xob infrared yog siv los txhim kho cov metabolism thiab txhawb cov ntshav ncig, tshuaj tua kab mob zaub mov. Nrog cua kub ntau dhau, cov hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag qhuav heev, thiab ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem DNA molecule.
Xov tooj cua tsis yog siv rau kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj ntawm tes thiab xov tooj cua, navigation systems, TV thiab lwm yam. Kev raug xov tooj cua tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub paj hlwb, ua rau lub hlwb ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov hlab plawv thiab kev ua me nyuam.
