Pechora thee phiab yog lub pob zeb loj, uas nyob hauv peb yam kev kawm ntawm Lavxias Federation ib zaug: Komi Republic, Nenets Autonomous Okrug thiab thaj tsam Arkhangelsk. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm thee reserves nyob rau hauv Russia, nws yog thib ob xwb rau Kuzbass. Nws muaj txog peb caug deposits. Txoj kev mining hauv Pechora thee phiab feem ntau yog hauv av, tab sis nws kuj pom tau qhib.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom muag
Tag nrho cov reserves ntawm Pechora thee phiab - 344.5 billion tons. Nws muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg: ob qho tib si xim av thiab lean coals, thiab txawm anthracites mined ntawm no, tab sis fatty (51%) thiab ntev-ntev (35%) predominate. Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm coals yog siab heev thiab tau nthuav tawm hauv lub rooj.
| Kub Kub combustion | 28-32 MJ/kg |
| Humidity | 6-11 % |
| Mineral impurities | 4-6 % |
Coal mining
Tus nqi ntawm cov thee hauv Pechora phiab kuj yogsiab, tab sis qhov no tsis yog vim nws qhov zoo, tab sis mus rau complexity ntawm ntau lawm. Lub thickness ntawm thee seams yog kwv yees li 1-1.5 meters, vim hais tias ntawm no lawv tsis tu ncua khoov, tawg thiab sag. Qhov tob ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 150 txog 1000 meters, uas feem ntau tob dua hauv Kuzbass. Qhov loj tshaj deposits yog: Intinskoye, Vorkuta, Vorgashorskoye thiab Yunyaginskoye. Txoj kev mining tseem ceeb hauv Pechora thee phiab yog hauv av. Tsuas yog ntawm Yunyaginskoye thiab ob peb lwm qhov tso nyiaj, ib feem ntawm cov thee yog mined qhib-qhov.
Hinders mining thiab huab cua. Qee qhov tso nyiaj nyob dhau ntawm Arctic Circle, hauv permafrost. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv pob zeb tawg muaj zog dua, nrog rau cov nyiaj them rau cov neeg ua haujlwm cov nyiaj pub dawb. Muaj ntau cov methane hauv pob zeb. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg hauv mines.
Feem ntau, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los, cov khoom ntim ntawm cov teb tseem ceeb tau poob. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem mining nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj yog qhov poob ntawm kev thov rau cov thee hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab hauv ntiaj teb. Tam sim no cov nyiaj tau muab faib los txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom, uas yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv rau yav tom ntej.
History
Thawj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov muaj cov thee hauv cheeb tsam no tau tshwm sim rov qab rau xyoo 1828. Tab sis vim muaj kev nyuaj ntawm kev txhim kho thaj chaw no, lawv tsis tau tsim cov nyiaj tso cia thiab tsis ntev tsis nco qab txog nws. Yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1919, tus neeg yos hav zoov V. Ya. Popov tau thov txog kev nrhiav cov thee ze ntawm tus dej Vorkuta. Tsib xyoos tom qab, geological prospecting pib nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm AA. Chernov. Coal tau pom nyob rau hauv tus dej Kosya, Necha, Inta, Kozhim. Ntxiv nrog rau kev nrhiav cov deposits lawv tus kheej, qhov kwv yees muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov thee tau txiav txim siab. Txawm li ntawd los, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau tias yav tom ntej lub pas dej yuav muaj ntau hom thee.
Tom qab ntawd, Chernov tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav thiab daim ntawv cim "Pioneer of field" rau nws txoj haujlwm. Coal mining pib xyoo 1931. Hauv xyoo 70s, lub phiab tau nthuav dav mus rau ciam teb ntawm Timan-Ural xeev.
Kev txhim kho ntawm qhov tso nyiaj yog qhov nyuaj heev thaum xub thawj. Cov thee tau tso rau ntawm qhov tob tob, yog li ntawd, hauv Pechora thee phiab, mines yog txoj hauv kev los rho cov thee. Qhov nyuaj kuj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua thiab tsis muaj cov cuab yeej zoo. Cov neeg raug kaw yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub teb tau pib nce lub zog hauv kev tsim khoom tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, Soviet ideology tau ua lub luag haujlwm: Stakhanov zog thiab kev sib tw ua haujlwm. Tab sis tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union, ntau lub mines pib kaw vim muaj kev tawm tsam thiab tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lub hnub qub tshiab tau pib tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 2000s. Nws yog thaum ntawd lub Pechora thee phiab pib nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tshiab, cov nyiaj ua haujlwm rau cov miners pib them raws sijhawm, thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom raug tsim.
Kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho kev cia siab
Nyob hauv thaj chaw uas Pechora thee phiab nyob, nrog rau hauv cheeb tsam Vologda, yuav luag txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm cov thee mined ntawm no. Cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws yog Pechorskaya GRES. Ib nrab muab nrog Pechora thee cheeb tsam North-West thiabKaliningrad cheeb tsam, 20% - Volga-Vyatka thiab Central Black Earth cheeb tsam.
Tsis muaj kev lag luam metallurgical loj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub phiab nws tus kheej. Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm coking thee yog nyob hauv Cherepovets, Central, Central Chernozem thiab Ural cheeb tsam kev lag luam. Kev xa cov thee yog ua nrog kev pab los ntawm Northern Railway. Qhov no kuj cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov nqi hluav taws xob.
Ecology
Raws li tau hais lawm, tsis muaj chaw lag luam loj hauv lub phiab. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov xwm txheej ecological hauv cheeb tsam, tab sis tseem muaj qee qhov teeb meem. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov av thiab cov dej saum npoo av vim qhov chaw loj ntawm cov thee mining. Polluted thaum ua cov thee thiab cua. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, txoj kev mining hauv Pechora thee phiab yog hauv av. Mines yuav tsum tau ventilated tas li. Vim li no, txhua yam uas nyob hauv lawv xaus rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov huab cua muaj pes tsawg leeg tau hloov pauv los ntawm qhov no: cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon dioxide nce, plua plav tshwm.
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig, muaj ntau yam kev ntsuas niaj hnub no:
- Dej hauv cov mines mus dhau ntau theem ntawm kev pom thiab teeb tsa.
- Txo cov dej siv rau kev ua cov thee mined.
- Methane, uas feem ntau pom hauv cov mines, yog siv los ua roj rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam mining, thiab tsis tawm mus rau hauv huab cua.
