Kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig. Engineering thiab kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig rau kev tsim kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig. Engineering thiab kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig rau kev tsim kho
Kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig. Engineering thiab kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig rau kev tsim kho
Anonim

Kev tshawb fawb engineering hauv kev tsim kho yog ib theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua ntej tsim qauv. Nyob rau theem no, cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av, cov khoom ntawm cov av, muaj peev xwm siv qee cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv. Cov txiaj ntsig kawg raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim cov kev daws teeb meem rau qhov chaw npaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig yog ib feem ntawm ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib cheeb tsam thiab kuj yog ib lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau kev loj hlob thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm ib qhov project tsim. Tshwj xeeb, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no feem ntau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyiam huv.

kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig
kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig

Txoj cai tswjfwm kev sojntsuam ib puag ncig

Cov kev cai yooj yim raws li kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua haujlwm yog tsim los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm SNiP. Cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov kev cai uas nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav engineering thiab kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig rau kev tsim kho. SP 11-102-97, piv txwv li, tau suav rau kev siv los ntawm kev tsim thiab kev soj ntsuam cov tuam txhab thiab cov koom haum uas ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam.tsim thiab tsim.

Cov kev cai tsim los tswj cov haujlwm ntawm cov koom haum txaus siab rau thaj chaw no ob qho tib si los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab kev ua haujlwm. Qhov tseeb, yog tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav zoo raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam, tsis muaj lub tuam txhab yuav tuaj yeem tsim ib txoj haujlwm tsim kho raws cai. Raws li txoj cai, kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig raws li kev tshawb fawb dav dav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm npaj cov txheej txheem thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev xav ntawm ntau hom kev tshuaj ntsuam, nyob ntawm seb qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov project. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov tsim qauv tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm huab cua thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov pa phem. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb uas tau ua raws li kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig.

Scope ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm

engineering kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig
engineering kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig

Lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb hauv paus yog cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub xeev ntawm ib puag ncig hauv zos. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm txog cov yam ntxwv, cov cuab yeej siv los sib piv cov khoom zoo sib xws uas ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig zoo sib xws tuaj yeem siv. Tsis tas li, cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tso cai rau koj ua ntau hom kev tua. Qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm thaj chaw no kuj suav nrog kev txhais cov ntaub ntawv hauv aerospace, nrog rau kev siv ntau thaj chaw thiab radar kev tshawb fawb.

Tau kawg, kev tshawb fawb ntawm huab cua thiab ib puag ncig feem ntau hais txog cov pa phem nyob hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Niaj hnub no, kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncigTsis tshua muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej hluav taws xob, lub cev tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau lub ecosystem, kuaj cov pa phem, thiab lwm yam. Hydrological peev txheej kuj raug kawm los ntawm ntau yam hauv chav kuaj. Pawg ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si rau kev txhim kho cov haujlwm rau cov tsev nyob thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse.

Sau cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tshawb fawb

engineering thiab ib puag ncig kev tshawb fawb rau kev tsim kho ntawm kev sib koom ua lag luam 11 102 97
engineering thiab ib puag ncig kev tshawb fawb rau kev tsim kho ntawm kev sib koom ua lag luam 11 102 97

Cov kws tshaj lij sau cov ntaub ntawv uas muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog lub xeev ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv qhov kev nthuav dav ntxiv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas. Rau cov neeg tsim khoom ncaj qha, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais tseem cuam tshuam rau yuav luag txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau kev xaiv ntawm vov tsev tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis yog txhua yam ntaub ntawv tau txais nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev sim tshiab. Ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm cov chaw tso cai hauv zos ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg. Tshwj xeeb, cov no tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb hydrometeorological thiab kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig, nrog rau cov nyiaj txiag ntawm thaj chaw tsim thiab cov koom haum tshawb fawb.

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tshiab, kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig engineering koom nrog kev sau, tshuaj xyuas thiab kawm txog cov khoom ntawm ib puag ncig ntuj. Cov no suav nrog av, toj roob hauv pes, zoogeographic thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntuj tsim ntawm ib cheeb tsam.

Route soj ntsuam

Feem ntau txoj kev soj ntsuamua ntej lub ntsiab ntau yam ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev ua ub no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tshawb fawb engineering thiab ib puag ncig ntawm theem no yog nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov lus qhia txog toj roob hauv pes, uas muab kev qhia meej ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov av, kev tswj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev hloov kho nrog cov qauv tsim. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev soj ntsuam txoj hauv kev yog kom tau txais qhov ntau thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom hauv cheeb tsam ib puag ncig.

Qhov no sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov dej hauv av thiab cov dej saum npoo av, thaj chaw ib puag ncig, av npog, muaj tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu, kev cuam tshuam rau cov tsiaj txhu, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig ntawm hom no kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog kev tshawb fawb ntawm thaj chaw tsev. Nws yog xyaum los hla cov cheeb tsam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov chaw pov tseg, qhov chaw pov tseg, cov dej khib nyiab, cov chaw cia roj thiab lwm qhov chaw muaj kuab paug txaus ntshai.

ib puag ncig kev tshawb fawb rau kev tsim kho
ib puag ncig kev tshawb fawb rau kev tsim kho

Mineworks

Nyob rau theem no, kev soj ntsuam engineering thiab geological tej yam kev mob ntawm cheeb tsam. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qib ntawm permeability ntawm cov av txheej yog soj ntsuam, pob zeb raug tshuaj xyuas, thiab muaj peev xwm muaj cov dej-resistant Cheebtsam thiab hydraulic kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov dej nto thiab aquifer ntws.

Nyob rau theem no, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev soj ntsuam tshwj xeeb yog tshwm sim, uas cov kev tshawb fawb geological thiab ecological ntawm thaj chaw sib koom ua ke. Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ua cov qauv ntawm cov av, dej hauv av thiab cov av kom txiav txim siab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus.cov khoom tsis xav tau. Lub mine ua hauj lwm nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug perpendicular txoj hauj lwm nrog rau cov ciam teb ntawm geomorphological ntsiab.

Soil environmental surveys

Kev tshawb fawb geological thiab ib puag ncig
Kev tshawb fawb geological thiab ib puag ncig

Kev kawm av tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li qhov sib txawv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas yog los txiav txim seb cov qauv npaj yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau cov hav zoov thiab cov av ua liaj ua teb uas nyob ib sab ntawm thaj chaw txhim kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kuaj av tuaj yeem ua tiav rau kev soj ntsuam ntxiv rau qhov ua tau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg rau cov khib nyiab. Hloov pauv, kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig rau kev tsim kho nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov av txheej tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim kho thaj chaw lossis thaj chaw ua si.

Cov kev ntsuas pib thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv av tau txiav txim siab raws li kev sau thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv. Ib zaug ntxiv, nws tsis tas yuav sau cov qauv ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev txhim kho yav tom ntej lossis tso rau lwm yam khoom. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv uas tau muab pov tseg ntawm thaj av cadastres kuj tau xyaum.

Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis zoo ntawm lub cev

ib puag ncig daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas nqi
ib puag ncig daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas nqi

Thaum kuaj xyuas thaj chaw kom muaj kev sib kis, siv cov coefficient tshwj xeeb concentration, uas txiav txim siab txog thaj chaw ecological. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov pa phem, cov qauv av tseem ceeb nyob sab nraum cheeb tsam tuaj yeem coj mus.kev pab them nqi ntawm lub zos anthropogenic cuam tshuam. Cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb kuj tau muab rau kev ua piv txwv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm uas suav nrog kev tshawb fawb engineering thiab ib puag ncig rau kev tsim kho. SP 11-102-97, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, qhia kom coj cov qauv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm sab cua, saib qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov piv txwv yuav tsum nyob tsawg kawg yog 500 m ntawm txoj kev loj.

Zoo kawg

kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig
kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig

Txawm hais tias qhov nqaim ntawm kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig, lawv ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau yav tom ntej ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho hauv ib cheeb tsam. Nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm thaj chaw raws li ob peb yam. Cov kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig nyuaj kuj tau siv, tus nqi uas tuaj yeem yog li 10-15 txhiab rubles. Nws raug nquahu kom siv qhov kev xaiv no yog tias nws tau npaj los tsim lub tsev ntiag tug lossis chaw tsim khoom. Yog li tus tswv yuav muaj peev xwm ntsuas tsis tau tsuas yog lub xeev ecological ntawm cheeb tsam, tab sis kuj sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hydrological, av thiab geological peev txheej. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub koom haum ntiav rau kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm.

Pom zoo: