Dab tsi yog vernacular? Literary lus thiab lus colloquial

Cov txheej txheem:

Dab tsi yog vernacular? Literary lus thiab lus colloquial
Dab tsi yog vernacular? Literary lus thiab lus colloquial
Anonim

Dab tsi yog vernacular? Qhov no yog ib qho phenomenon tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia. Tam sim no xws li "cov lus" tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau cov haujlwm hauv zej zog. Tsis muaj leej twg txhais lub tswvyim no. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, peb yuav sim txheeb xyuas cov lus ntawm vernacular los ntawm ntau lub ces kaum thiab nkag siab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv cov lus Lavxias.

Definition of concept

Yog li, dab tsi yog vernacular? Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los txhais qhov tshwm sim no. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov neeg kawm ntawv tsis zoo hauv peb lub tebchaws siv hom lus zoo li no. Cov tom kawg yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim tsis muaj ib hom lus uas siv cov ntawv no. Peb kuj tseem nco ntsoov tias cov lus sau thiab cov lus hais muaj sib cuam tshuam. Cov kws sau ntawv feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem no kom paub qhov txawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm.

Saib seb koj tham nrog cov neeg hauv tsev li cas, txawm tias peb tsis pom nws, peb siv ntau hom lus, tej zaum cov lus "hais", "dividish", "naughty", "squabble" thiab lwm yam. Nws yooj yim dua hais tias: TV,DVD player, ntxiv kev ua haujlwm tsis tsim nyog, thiab lwm yam. Txhua leej txhua tus nkag siab peb, vim hais tias Lavxias teb sab lus tau ruaj khov rau hauv peb lub neej.

dab tsi yog vernacular
dab tsi yog vernacular

Kev Kawm Ntxiv

Nws ntseeg tias cov lus hais hauv qhov ncauj thiab sau ntawv ntawm tus neeg ncaj qha nyob ntawm nws qhov xwm txheej, txoj haujlwm thiab kev kawm. Cov neeg nquag siv cov neeg vernacular feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv qab no:

  • Drivers.
  • cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txawj ua haujlwm.
  • Cov neeg ua lag luam.

Ntawd yog, kev vam khom rau cov ntawv lo lus no inversely proportional to the status of a person. Pawg no kuj suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov koom haum tub ceev xwm. Vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim? Hauv cov tub rog, thaum kev sib txuas lus, lub npe hu ua tub rog cov lus yog siv, uas yog, vernacular nrog ib tug admixture ntawm technical slang vocabulary.

Kev faib tawm ntawm haiv neeg

Cov hom kev tshwm sim hauv qab no tau qhia ua lus Lavxias:

  • Colloquial-1.
  • Colloquial-2.

Nco yooj yim heev, tab sis lawv feem ntau tsis meej pem, peb yuav txheeb xyuas lawv txhua tus kom meej kom tsis txhob muaj kev nkag siab yuam kev hauv qhov teeb meem no. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev paub, peb yuav ntxiv ib lub rooj uas yuav pab koj sib sau cov ntaub ntawv kawm ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho.

lus vernacular
lus vernacular

Colloquial-1

Cia peb xav txog thawj yam. Dab tsi yog vernacular-1 thiab nws yog tus yam ntxwv rau leej twg? L. I. Skvortsov, tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo, tau hais tawm ib pawg neeg uas nquag siv cov ntaub ntawvlus:

  • cov neeg laus.
  • kev kawm qis.
  • Nrog cov kab lis kev cai tsis muaj zog.

Ceeb toom, tseem ceeb heev uas lub hauv paus ntawm pab pawg neeg yog cov laus, feem ntau yog poj niam.

literary vernacular
literary vernacular

Phonetics

Colloquialism yog ib hom lus ntawm Lavxias, uas tsis zoo rau txhua tus. Cia peb tsom xam cov phonetics ntawm thawj hom.

  1. Soften consonants qhov twg nws tsis tsim nyog (piv txwv li con'ver't).
  2. Ntxhais lus (piv txwv li aradrom).
  3. Kev siv tsis tsim nyog ntawm lub suab "v" (xws li rad'iva).
  4. Inserts (ruble).

Vim yog vim li cas, cov lus ntawm kuv tus pog uas kuv hlub tam sim ntawd los hauv siab, cov duab ntawm lub zos hinterland, kev thaj yeeb tshwm sim.

Ntseeg ntawm vernacular ntawm thawj yam

Cia peb txheeb xyuas lub sijhawm nrov tshaj plaws:

  1. Hloov ib lo lus los ntawm rooj plaub lossis tus neeg ua rau muaj qhov tsis raug ntawm qhov tau txais (Kuv xav tau, kuv xav, kuv xav, kuv xav).
  2. Gender inconsistencies nyob rau hauv kab lus (thick jam).
  3. Hloov qhov kawg ntawm cov txiv neej nouns, nrog tsab ntawv "u" (ntawm lub puam, ntawm roj).
  4. Ending in -ov and -ev (rubles, mests, etc.).
  5. Txoj lus tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam (peb los ntawm cov txheeb ze).
Lavxias teb sab lus
Lavxias teb sab lus

Vocabulary

Raws li rau nqe lus no ntawm Lavxias teb sab, kuj tseem muaj ntau yam ntawm no, piv txwv li: kev siv cov lus muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus txhua hnub, lawv tsis yog cov lus sau (pom, helluva, tig, tam sim no., thiab lwm yam). Thib obfeature - kev siv cov lus nyob rau hauv ib lub ntsiab lus txawv los ntawm kev sau ntawv. Ib qho piv txwv yog hloov "kev hwm" es tsis yog "kev hlub": Kuv tsis hwm txiv lws suav.

Kev siv lo lus "plague", piv txwv li: plague, koj khiav qhov twg?! Ntawm no, ua raws li cov cai ntawm cov lus sau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau vwm lossis tsis sib npaug. Lwm qhov piv txwv zoo thiab nco tau yog kev siv "taug kev" hauv kev nkag siab - "kom muaj kev sib raug zoo." Piv txwv: Nws taug kev nrog nws li ib xyoos.

leej twg nyiam siv hom thib ob ntawm vernacular

Tus kws tshawb fawb L. I. Skvortsov pom tias daim ntawv no yog siv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj kev kawm qis thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai. Peb twb tau hais tias nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib faib los ntawm poj niam txiv neej, thawj hom yog siv los ntawm cov poj niam laus, tab sis vernacular-2 feem ntau hnov los ntawm cov txiv neej.

Nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv zoo li thawj hom, vim nws tseem hluas thiab tsis tau kawm. Yog li dab tsi yog vernacular-2? Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov lus hais thiab jargon (ob leeg social thiab professional).

Cov lus sau ntawv zoo li no yog tus choj hla uas cov lus tshiab thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau peb cov lus. Media:

  • neeg nyob deb.
  • Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog uas muaj lub ntsiab lus ib puag ncig.
  • Cov pej xeem uas muaj kev kawm qis thiab koom nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj peev xwm.

Cov haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws: cov neeg muag khoom, cov neeg huv, cov neeg nqa khoom, tus kws txiav plaub hau, neeg tos thiab lwm yam.

lus thiab vernacular
lus thiab vernacular

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lus sau thiab lus hais

Koj yuav tsum tau pom tias hauv lub neej niaj hnub koj nquag siv cov lus uas tsis yog hom lus sau. Ua cas lawv thiaj tuaj cuag peb? Ua tsaug rau lub jargon peculiar rau ib pawg neeg los yog txoj hauj lwm. Txhawm rau kom paub meej tias dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv ceg txheem ntseeg, peb yuav muab piv txwv: "ntoo" - tsis ua hauj lwm; "so" - so kom txaus; "thug" - tus neeg uas tsis paub txog kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv nws tus cwj pwm, thiab lwm yam.

Txawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog lus sau, cov lus tau nruj heev hauv peb cov txheej txheem lexical.

vernacular daim ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus
vernacular daim ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus

Table

Txhim kho cov khoom siv, peb tig mus rau qhov kev cog lus ntawm kev paub txog kev paub.

View Ntse Tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv
Colloquial-1 A hom kawm zoo, muaj ntau txoj cai rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm hom thawj Nyob hauv nroog, cov neeg laus, kev kawm qis, kev coj noj coj ua tsis zoo. Feem ntau siv los ntawm cov poj niam laus.
Colloquial-2 Ntse kawm hom, qhov no yog vim lub vernacular ntawm hom thib ob yog ib tug ncaj kev lag luam hluas. Cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab uas muaj kev kawm qis thiab qib kev coj noj coj ua.

In xausCia peb hais tias kev siv cov lus hais hauv qhov ncauj thiab sau ntawv yog qhov zoo rau cov pej xeem hauv nroog, tab sis tsuas yog txhawm rau muab qhov ntxoov ntxoo tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau qhia lawv txoj kev xav, kom ntau saturate lawv zaj dab neeg nrog cov xim, tib neeg siv cov txheej txheem no, thaum paub txog nws qhov tsis raug. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, vernacular tsis muaj kev tsis zoo connotation.

Ntau tus neeg kuj siv hais lus phem, raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog ib tug neeg kawm ntawv tsis zoo, tsis muaj peev xwm qhia tau lawv txoj kev xav hauv cov lus sau. Tag nrho cov no ua rau lub stratification ntawm cov lus thiab nws degradation. Vernacular yog tsim nyog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no thaum nws yog siv raws li ib tug stylistic ntaus ntawv, tab sis yog siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, ces cov lus yuav muaj ib tug tsis zoo connotation. Peb qhia koj kom tsis txhob siv cov lus zoo li no hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus neeg, vim tias tus neeg sib tham yuav tsis ntseeg txog koj txoj kev kawm thiab kev coj noj coj ua.

Pom zoo: