Kev xav tau yog lub tswv yim kev lag luam uas qhia txog lub peev xwm thiab kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom los yuav qee yam khoom lossis kev pabcuam ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias peb tab tom tham txog pawg no hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog macroeconomics, ces lo lus no muaj lub ntsiab lus dav dua. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, qhov xav tau ntawm qhov xav tau yog qhov ntsuas rau tag nrho kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws.
Cov lus qhia
Tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj coob tus neeg zoo tib yam paub txog txoj cai yooj yim, raws li qhov kev txo qis ntawm cov khoom lossis kev pabcuam ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau lawv, thiab rov ua dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau qhov xwm txheej tau sau tseg hauv keeb kwm thaum qee qhov kev hloov kho tau ua rau qhov dogma no. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov xwm txheej hauv kev lag luam roj thiab cov khoom siv roj. Yog li, nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1973 txog 1980, qhov nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no tau sau tseg. Tab sis kev thov kuj nce ntxiv. Tab sis qhov txo qis ntawm cov nqi roj thiab cov khoom siv roj hauv xyoo 1981-1986. ua raws li nws qhov contraction.
Qhov no puas txhais tau tias txoj cai ntawm kev thov tsis muaj? Tsis yog kiag li. Nws tshwm sim, ua haujlwm thiab muab lub hom phiaj tag nrhoib daim duab ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv qee lub khw muag khoom thiab hauv kev lag luam tag nrho. Lwm qhov yog qhov nyuaj thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev nkag siab cov txheej txheem tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev noj cov khoom thiab kev pabcuam.
kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj
Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev thov yog nws qhov kev hloov pauv, lossis qhov tsis zoo, nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lwm yam yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov pauv. Qhov kev vam khom zoo li no, raws li tau hais los saum no, yog hu ua txoj cai ntawm kev thov. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias lwm qhov xwm txheej tsis hloov pauv, ces nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias qhov nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ua rau txo qis ntawm qhov xav tau, thiab rov ua dua.
Ntxiv rau, tseem muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau sau tseg. Txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv ib qho kev lag luam yuav tsum paub qhov loj thiab tus nqi ntawm kev thov. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau hais qhia tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm qhov kev xav tau rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov zoo li tus nqi elasticity.
Lwm yam cuam tshuam rau kev thov
Feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas kawm kev lag luam kev lag luam ua raws tib lub algorithm. Nyob rau hauv lub forefront, lawv teem lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom thiab kev thov, thiab ces qhia lawv cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Cov tswv yim zoo li no yog classical hauv microeconomic tsom xam thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav economic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm kev lag luam roj, ib tus tuaj yeem pom tias cov kev tshawb fawb no feem ntau xav tau txoj hauv kev nyuaj dua,coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm ntau yam, kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev txaus siab sawv cev hauv kev lag luam.
Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov ntim ntawm kev thov yog suav tias yog qhov khoom siv tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom. Pawg no yog dab tsi? Lub sij hawm no yog to taub tias yog ib qho kev nce hauv kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm qee qhov zoo vim tias txhua chav tshiab ntawm qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam no tau noj mus txog rau theem saturation. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv nyiaj marginal ntawm qhov zoo yog cuam tshuam nrog kev yuav khoom ntawm pej xeem. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv cov nyiaj tau los. Ob yam tseem ceeb hauv qhov loj ntawm qhov xav tau yog tus nqi ntawm qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam thiab qhov xwm txheej tsis yog nqi. Cov tom kawg suav nrog kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, kev cia siab nyiaj txiag, kev yuav khoom ntawm cov pej xeem, tus nqi hloov pauv rau cov khoom muab, thiab tus nqi ntawm lwm yam khoom thiab kev pabcuam.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias thaum tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam hloov pauv, qhov xav tau ntau kuj hloov. Qhov no yog ib txoj cai hloov tsis tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tsis yog tus nqi ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov hu ua kev thov nkhaus. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov loj ntawm kev thov. Lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem piav qhia ua lwm yam lus raws li hauv qab no. Qhov kev thov nkhaus qhia txog cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam uas cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem yuav nyob ntawm tus nqi thiab, ntxiv rau, qhia txog txoj cai ntawm kev thov.
Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev thov
Elasticity yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas. Pawg no qhia txog qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam. Nws piav txog cov kev vibrationsntawm qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce lossis txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov elasticity ntawm kev thov qhia cov qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis rhiab heev ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom rau cov nqi hloov pauv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias pawg no nyob ntawm tus nqi tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi xwb, tab sis kuj yog nyob ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Tias yog vim li cas lawv cais tus nqi elasticity ntawm kev thov thiab cov nyiaj tau los elasticity ntawm kev thov.
Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev paub txog qib ntawm elasticity ntawm kev thov rau ib yam khoom thiab kev pabcuam. Nws yog qhov ntsuas no uas yog ib hom kev qhia rau cov neeg muag khoom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xaiv ib lub tswv yim muag thiab nqi. Piv txwv li, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam nrog qib siab ntawm elasticity tuaj yeem txo qis. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev muag khoom thiab nce nyiaj tau los. Tab sis rau cov khoom lag luam nrog qis elasticity ntawm kev thov, lub tswv yim no zoo li tsis tsim nyog. Txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv qhov no yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Hauv qhov no, cov txiaj ntsig poob yuav tsis raug them.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib tw ntawm kev thov
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias yog tias muaj coob tus neeg muab khoom lag luam hauv qee lub khw muag khoom, qhov kev thov rau ib yam khoom yuav elastic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov nram qab no economic mechanism ua hauj lwm: txawm ib tug me ntsis nce nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm ib tug ntawm cov muag khoom yuav yuam kom cov neeg siv kom tig lawv cov xim rau cov khoom zoo sib xws ntawm nws cov neeg sib tw nrog tus nqi qis. Qhov saum toj no ib zaug ntxiv lees paub tias elasticity thiab qhov loj ntawm kev thovmuaj feem cuam tshuam thiab tseem ceeb kev lag luam.
